Surface Technology (表面技术)•2026•DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.08.001
Galvanized steel sheets are widely used in construction, automotive, appliance, and power industries due to their corrosion resistance, which can be further enhanced by passivation. Traditional chromate passivation, while effective due to self-repairing ability and chemical stability, poses severe health and environmental risks from hexavalent chromium. This review systematically categorizes recent chromium-free passivation technologies into inorganic, organic, and organic/inorganic composite systems. Inorganic systems include molybdates, rare earth salts (e.g., cerium, lanthanum), titanium salts, and silicates; organic systems include silanes, tannic acid, and acrylic resins. Film formation mechanisms and anticorrosion properties are examined. Individual systems exhibit limitations: molybdate films have micro-defects and limited thickness uniformity; rare earth films crack upon drying; organic films offer flexibility and adhesion but insufficient barrier properties. Organic/inorganic composite passivation integrates inorganic barrier function with organic interfacial binding and functional regulation, significantly improving film integrity and durability. The review concludes with challenges and prospects for chromium-free passivation.
Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China (中国有色金属学报)•2026•DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(26)67062-8
The influence of pre-ageing temperature on dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and microstructure evolution during hot compression of Ni−38Cr−3.8Al alloy was investigated. Five samples with varying pre-precipitation states were fabricated. Pre-ageing treatment precipitates α-Cr phases in lamellar and particle forms. During subsequent hot deformation, pre-precipitated α-Cr lamellae undergo dissolution fragmentation and spheroidization, transforming into finer particles due to elevated temperature and high-density dislocations. At 560 °C, an incomplete discontinuous precipitation (DP) state restrains DRX, producing necklace-like microstructures. Above 640 °C, a complete DP state with fully lamellar structures promotes DRX, yielding ultrafine-grained (UFG) microstructures. Coarse α-Cr particles enhance DRX through particle-stimulated nucleation (PSN) and discontinuous DRX mechanisms, while dissolved α-Cr lamellae promote DRX via continuous DRX. DRX kinetics analysis indicates that increasing pre-ageing temperature accelerates DRX, evidenced by reduced critical strain and peak strain, and increased DRX volume fraction. To achieve UFG microstructures during hot deformation, fully lamellar structures should be precipitated during pre-ageing. These findings provide a processing pathway for tailoring microstructures in high-Cr nickel-based alloys.
Journal of Semiconductors (半导体学报 - 中国科学院半导体研究所)•2026•DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/25120029
Temperature-dependent steady-state photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved PL (TRPL) spectroscopy were employed to quantify the divergent optoelectronic behavior of identical CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) in colloidal solution and thin-film states. The electron-phonon coupling strength in solution is approximately twice that of the film, with average phonon energies extracted from one-photon absorption (OPA) and two-photon absorption (TPA) reaching ~38 meV and ~32 meV in solution, respectively, versus ~22 meV and ~16 meV in the film. Given that the dominant intrinsic phonon mode of CsPbBr3 resides at 18 meV, these elevated energies implicate organic ligand phonons in the radiative recombination pathway of the solution phase. TRPL measurements reveal room-temperature luminescence lifetimes of 22.5 ns (solution) and 5 ns (film), both exhibiting anomalous increases with rising temperature, consistent with thermally activated trap-state carrier release. Fitting yields trap energy levels of ~20 meV in the film and ~4 meV in solution. The deeper traps and reduced electron-phonon coupling in the film are attributed to exciton localization and diminished wavefunction overlap with ligand phonons, a consequence of ligand detachment and inter-QD interactions during film formation. These findings establish ligand morphology as a critical regulator of electron-phonon interactions and non-radiative pathways in CsPbBr3 QDs, providing quantitative design rules for solution-processed optoelectronic devices.
Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials (含能材料)•2026•DOI: 10.11943/CJEM2026012
To investigate the reaction-growth behavior of propellants and polymer-bonded explosives (PBX) after non-shock ignition under mass-inertial confinement, a thick-walled cylinder experimental setup was constructed. The setup provided strong radial structural confinement and incorporated a large mass block with a mass ratio exceeding 45:1 relative to the energetic material. Laser ignition (250 W) was used to initiate reactions, and multiple photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV) probes simultaneously measured radial expansion velocity of the cylinder and axial velocity of the mass block top. High-speed photography and recovered debris analysis were employed to compare reaction evolution processes. Results show that mass-inertial confinement enhances pressure buildup during the early reaction phase, but the type of energetic material determines reaction-growth characteristics and violence under identical confinement. For the composite propellant (containing AP, aluminum, RDX, and energetic binder), mass-inertial confinement dominated early pressurization; the system exhibited axial mass block acceleration without yielding of the thick-walled cylinder. Maximum reaction pressure was below 50 MPa, reaction fraction was less than 1%, and nearly all propellant was recovered, indicating a burning reaction. For the PBX (containing HMX and CL-20), early pressurization was jointly influenced by mass-inertial and structural confinement; the cylinder underwent yielding and radial expansion, and the mass block showed local upsetting deformation. Maximum reaction pressure reached 2 GPa, reaction fraction exceeded 50%, and no explosive was recovered, indicating a violent explosion. These findings provide insights into non-shock ignition reaction-growth mechanisms and safety design of structural charges.
Journal of Semiconductors (半导体学报 - 中国科学院半导体研究所)•2026•DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/26020002
Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a leading next-generation photovoltaic technology, with certified efficiencies surpassing 27% and approaching the theoretical limit for single-junction devices. However, their commercialization is critically hindered by insufficient long-term operational stability, particularly under harsh conditions such as elevated temperatures (≥85 °C) and full-spectrum illumination. The hole-transport layer (HTL) plays a decisive role in both efficiency and stability, and phosphonic acid-based self-assembled monolayers (PA-SAMs) have become the material of choice for inverted-structure PSCs due to their molecular-scale precision and superior energy-level alignment. Nevertheless, PA-SAMs primarily anchor to ITO surfaces via weak hydrogen bonds, which dissociate under photothermal stress, leading to molecular desorption and migration into the perovskite layer, thereby inducing degradation and performance decline. In a recent breakthrough published in Science (2026), Fei et al. report a transformative molecular engineering strategy that unlocks ultra-stable PSCs. They designed a triphenylamine-based phosphonic acid (1PA-TPD) with robust covalent anchoring to ITO substrates and optimized a mixed SAM system (60 wt% 1PA-TPD + 40 wt% EtCz3EPA), successfully suppressing interfacial reactivity between PA-SAMs and perovskites. This multifunctional strategy integrates strong substrate binding, interfacial reaction inhibition, crystallinity enhancement, and defect passivation, enabling small-area PSCs with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.0% and a T90 lifetime of nearly 3000 hours, as well as minimodules with >22% PCE and ~2200 hours T90 under harsh photothermal conditions. This work deciphers a previously underappreciated degradation pathway and provides a universal design principle for stable interfacial layers, marking a critical step toward PSC commercialization.
Journal of Semiconductors (半导体学报 - 中国科学院半导体研究所)•2026•DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/26020002
Phosphonic acid-based self-assembled monolayers (PA-SAMs) are the hole-transport layer of choice for inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), yet their weak hydrogen-bond anchoring to ITO permits molecular desorption and migration under photothermal stress, triggering iodide oxidation, formamidinium decomposition, and device failure. Fei et al. report a molecular engineering strategy that replaces weak physisorption with robust covalent anchoring. A triphenylamine-based phosphonic acid (1PA-TPD) binds to ITO with a binding energy of −4.48 eV, 1.55 eV more stable than the reference EtCz3EPA (−2.93 eV), via stronger In–O bonds and enhanced van der Waals contacts. A mixed SAM comprising 60 wt% 1PA-TPD and 40 wt% EtCz3EPA balances substrate anchoring with perovskite compatibility. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction shows a ~50% increase in perovskite crystallinity near the HTL and a 0.02° narrower full width at half maximum. Time-resolved photoluminescence yields a carrier lifetime of 1.2 μs, 2.6 times longer than the control, confirming suppressed non-radiative recombination. Unencapsulated small-area PSCs (0.08 cm2) retain 90% of their initial 25.0% power conversion efficiency for nearly 3000 h under 85 °C and 1.0% UV illumination, versus T90 ~1860 h for controls. Under 4.5% UV, T90 remains 1430 h. Encapsulated minimodules (~23.1 cm2) achieve >22% PCE and T90 ~2200 h, surpassing all reported SAM-based modules. This work identifies a previously underappreciated degradation pathway and establishes a universal design principle for stable interfacial layers.
Int. Journal of Mining Science and Technology (采矿与安全工程)•2026•DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2026.02.004
The influence of the heating rate on the thermo-mechanical response and damage evolution of rock is a critical factor limiting the safety and efficiency of engineering applications. Conventional models are limited, however, as they assume a static coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and ignore its dynamic nature under rapid thermal loading. This study confronts this knowledge gap using a synergistic experimental–numerical approach. A custom system combining induction heating and Digital Image Correlation was employed to measure the rate-dependent CTE of both bulk granite and its constituent minerals over various heating rates. These dynamic coefficients were then integrated into a high-fidelity numerical model to simulate microwave-assisted rock breaking. Results definitively show the CTE is strongly rate-dependent. While the quartz phase transition at ~573 °C triggers critical damage, faster heating significantly amplifies strain localization and damage accumulation. Crucially, simulations revealed that under identical microwave loading, the model using dynamic CTE (530 °C/min) reached a 1000 mm² failure area 11 times faster than the model using quasi-static CTE (5 °C/min). This study fundamentally establishes rock's CTE as a dynamic, rate-dependent property, providing a key scientific basis for advancing such thermal fracturing technologies.
China Foundry•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s41230-026-5243-x
During the casting process, no-bake resin-bonded sand molds and cores rapidly heat up upon contact with high-temperature molten metal, causing dramatic changes in the resin binder system and a significant deterioration in mechanical properties, which subsequently leads to casting defects. To reveal the mechanism behind the evolution of high-temperature performance, the effects of resin content, base sand type, and particle size on the compressive strength of alkaline phenolic no-bake resin-bonded sand at temperatures ranging from 600 °C to 1,000 °C were investigated. The results show that the temperature range of 600-800 °C represents the primary stage of strength loss, corresponding to intense resin decomposition. Meanwhile, structural reorganization of the carbon skeleton above 900 °C can lead to a partial recovery of strength. This study provides key data and theoretical support for understanding the high-temperature mechanical behavior of resin-bonded sand and its relationship with casting defects.
Nano-Micro Letters•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-02015-5
UV-absorbing additives have recently been demonstrated to be effective interfacial modifiers that simultaneously enhance the UV stability and crystallization of halide perovskite. However, the underlying mechanisms concerning UV absorption, defect passivation, and efficacy optimization of these additives remain unresolved. Herein, two UV tautomeric absorbers (UV320 and UV327) are selected as defect-passivators for perovskites. The keto–enol tautomeric evolution processes and corresponding defect passivation performance/mechanism of both the original molecules and their tautomers are thoroughly compared and elucidated through experimental characterizations and density functional theory calculations. The additional carbonyl (–C=O) groups generated through the keto–enol tautomeric process triggered by the Cl atom in UV327 ultimately provide superior chemical coordination and enhanced defect-passivation capability compared to the original counterparts. Moreover, the versatility of K-UV327 is further demonstrated by its optimization of SnO2 film quality, interfacial energy band alignment, charge extraction efficiency, and defect state suppression. The photodetector optimized by UV327’s tautomer achieves an ultralow dark current density of 3.22 × 10−10 A cm−2, an enhanced linear dynamic range of 94.14 dB, and a fast response time of 23.35/26.19 μs. Notably, unencapsulated devices maintain a stable response at 3900 Hz following 300 h exposure to 40% ± 5% relative humidity and 30 h UV irradiation.
Nano-Micro Letters•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01981-0
As an emerging thermal management strategy, dynamic radiative cooling (DRC) technology enables dynamic modulation of spectral radiation properties under varying environmental conditions through the directional design of material spectral characteristics. However, a comprehensive review of the basic physical mechanisms of radiative heat transfer in DRC materials and various design principles involved in dynamic radiative thermal regulation is still lacking. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in this field, spanning from fundamental physical principles to intrinsic molecular and electronic mechanisms, and further to representative material systems and multi-band regulation strategies, highlighting the interdisciplinary research achievements and technological innovations. This work outlines the core mechanisms governing the regulation of different spectral bands during radiative heat transfer processes. Then, the main categories of DRC materials are systematically reviewed, including actively responsive structures, passively responsive structures, and multi-stimuli-responsive materials. Furthermore, the challenges faced by current DRC technology and future development trends are summarized and discussed, providing valuable reference and guidance for further research in this field. Although DRC technologies still face significant challenges in material stability, manufacturing processes, and system integration, the continuous advances in related areas and multifunctional materials are expected to broaden the application prospects of DRC in the future.
Journal of Central South University•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s11771-026-6261-y
To mitigate the detrimental effects of sulfur and enhance the enrichment efficiency of valuable elements in desulfurized diasporic bauxite, the effects of CaO dosage, caustic alkali concentration, reaction temperature and time on the digestion behavior of alumina, sulfur and gallium were illustrated, and the digestion thermodynamics and mechanism were also revealed. During the high-temperature Bayer process, alumina and gallium were digested synergistically, while pyrite was digested to S2− and SO42−. Appropriate CaO dosage promotes the digestion of alumina and gallium, and facilitates the precipitation of sulfur as calcium sulfoaluminate hydrate, effectively removing sulfur from the solution. Excess CaO leads to the formation of hydrogarnet, wherein Ga3+ incorporates into the crystal lattice by substituting for Al3+, reducing the digestion efficiency of gallium. Under the optimum conditions (CaO dosage of 3%, reaction temperature of 260 ℃, reaction time of 60 min, caustic alkali concentration of 260 g/L), the corresponding alumina and gallium digestion efficiencies reach 90.82% and 77.58%, respectively, with a significantly reduced sulfur concentration of 1.32 g/L in the solution. This work provides theoretical guidance for the efficient co-extraction of alumina and gallium from high-sulfur bauxite via the Bayer process.
Journal of Central South University•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s11771-026-6231-4
Piezoelectric enhanced photocatalytic purification of polluted wastewater is currently one of the better strategies for environmental pollution control. This work proposes a novel and efficient approach for the purification of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) wastewater via core-shell MoS2/ZnO heterojunction activated by peroxodisulfate (PDS), where the MoS2/ZnO heterojunction was fabricated via a hydrothermal route. By exploiting the intrinsic piezoelectric properties of both MoS2 and ZnO, the heterojunction generates an internal electric field that facilitates the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, thereby accelerating the photocatalytic purification. Under the optimized conditions, the TC purification efficiency can reach 91.2% with the collaborative assistance of PDS activation, and the MoS2/ZnO heterojunction also exhibited excellent recyclability, maintaining a purification efficiency of 90.76% over five cycles. The MoS2/ZnO heterojunction demonstrated robust photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation and aeration, with the purification kinetics conforming to a pseudo-first-order model. And the purification pathways of TC were systematically investigated, and the dominant reactive oxygen species involved in the process were identified. This work elucidates the underlying piezoelectric-photocatalytic mechanism and provides a sustainable strategy for the efficient removal of antibiotic contaminants from aqueous environments, offering significant potential for practical environmental remediation applications.
Journal of Central South University•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s11771-026-6235-0
The flotation separation of high pyrite content secondary copper ores faces challenges including elevated pH levels, poor xanthate selectivity, and higher costs associated with its combination with Z-200. In this work, a composite thionocarbamate collector (TJ-215), with low-cost raw materials and a short synthetic route, showed a better selectivity for chalcocite than Z-200 when pH>8. Zeta potential analysis indicated a stronger interaction between TJ-215 and chalcocite. These results were achieved through the synergistic coordination of NH—C=S and C=N—OH in TJ-215 molecule, compared with the single thiourea group, NH—C=S, in Z-200 molecule. At low-alkaline condition, the NH—C=S in TJ-215 formed Cu—S, Cu—N bonds with Cu atoms, and the C=N—OH combined with Cu to form a Cu—O bond. The results of this study provide guidance on the replacement of Z-200 by TJ-215 in the separation of chalcocite from pyrite in weak alkaline conditions.
Journal of Central South University•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s11771-026-6189-2
Plant roots serve as a natural reinforcement method with the potential to significantly enhance slope stability. In engineering practice, roots can function synergistically with geosynthetics, reducing the reliance on artificial materials. Based on a three-dimensional (3D) rotational failure mechanism, this study proposes a novel framework to evaluate the influence of plant roots on the stability of geosynthetic-reinforced slopes. By integrating the hydrological effects of transpiration and the mechanical composite action of root–soil interaction, the reinforcing capacity of uniform root systems is comprehensively assessed. The required dimensionless reinforcement strength at the limit failure state is derived using the functional balance equation. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed through comparisons with existing two-dimensional (2D) solutions for vegetated slopes and 3D solutions for non-vegetated reinforced slopes. Furthermore, various parameter plots are provided to facilitate design analysis. The results indicate that accounting for 3D spatial effects and plant root reinforcement significantly reduces the required reinforcement strength, thereby lowering construction costs and enhancing overall slope safety.
Journal of Central South University•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s11771-025-6108-y
With increasing mining depth in metal mines, the stability of roadway support structures is significantly affected by the complex surrounding rock. This study performs biaxial compression and bolt pull-out experiments on anchorage body specimens with different structural plane dip angles to explore failure mechanisms of anchorage structures and evolutionary law of bolt anchorage force. Results show the dip angle notably impacts the bearing capacity and failure modes of anchorage specimens. Their peak stress exhibits a V-shaped trend: decreasing from 54.80 MPa to 19.65 MPa as dip angles increase from 0° to 45°, with failure mode transitioning from tensile to shear; at 60°, it becomes a tensile-dominated mixed mode. Bolt anchoring significantly enhances bearing capacity (most remarkably by 153.22% at 45°) and changes failure from brittle to ductile. Pull-out tests reveal two failure modes: slip at the bolt-rock interface and bolt fracture. At 45°, bolt fracture occurs under a 14.55 kN peak pull-out load, matching the bolt's yield strength. This failure mechanism involves two key factors: structural plane sliding that shears the bolt, and mechanical interlocking that restricts pull-out, substantially increasing anchorage force. These findings provide insights for stability assessment and support design of roadway structures in complex geological environments.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01838-6
Scalable fabrication of efficient wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is crucial to realize the full commercial potential of tandem solar cells. However, there are challenges in fabricating efficient methylammonium-free (MA-free) WBG PSCs by blade coating, especially its phase separation and films stability. In this work, an MA-free WBG perovskite ink is developed for preparing FA0.8Cs0.2Pb(I0.75Br0.25)3 films by blade coating in ambient air. Among various A-site iodides, RbI is found to be the most effective in suppressing the precipitation of PbI2 induced by Pb(SCN)2 while keeping the enlarged grains. The distribution of Rb suggested that the Rb ions are kept isolated with the perovskite grains during the crystallization and Ostwald ripening processes, which contributes to the formation of the large-grain WBG perovskite film with minimum non-radiative recombination. As a result, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.0% was achieved on small-area WBG PSCs, while mini-modules with an aperture area of 10.5 cm2 exhibited a PCE of 20.2%, among the highest reported for solar cells prepared with WBG perovskites via blade coating. This work presents a scalable and reproducible fabrication strategy for stable MA-free WBG PSCs under ambient conditions, advancing their path toward commercialization.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01822-0
In photocatalytic water treatment processes, the particulate photocatalysts are typically immobilized on membrane, through either chemical/physical loading onto the surface or directly embedding in the membrane matrix. However, these immobilization strategies inevitably compromise the interfacial mass diffusion and cause activity decline relative to the suspended catalyst. Here, we propose a binder-free surface immobilization strategy for fabrication of high-activity photocatalytic membrane. Through a simple dimethylformamide (DMF) treatment, the nanofibers of polyvinylidene fluoride membrane were softened and stretched, creating enlarged micropores to efficiently capture the photocatalyst. Subsequently, the nanofibers underwent shrinking during DMF evaporation, thus firmly strapping the photocatalyst microparticles on the membrane surface. This surface self-bounded photocatalytic membrane, with firmly bounded yet highly exposed photocatalyst, exhibited 4.2-fold higher efficiency in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) photosynthesis than the matrix-embedded control, due to improved O2 accessibility and H2O2 diffusion. It even outperformed the suspension photocatalytic system attributed to alleviated H2O2 decomposition at the hydrophobic surface. When adopted for UV-based water treatment, the photocatalytic system exhibited tenfold faster micropollutants photodegradation than the catalyst-free control and demonstrated superior robustness for treating contaminated tap water, lake water and secondary wastewater effluent. This immobilization strategy can also be extended to the fabrication of other photocatalytic membranes with diverse catalyst types and membrane substrate. Overall, our work opens a facile avenue for fabrication of high-performance photocatalytic membranes, which may benefit advanced oxidation water purification application and beyond.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01774-5
Quasi-solid-state electrolytes, which integrate the safety characteristics of inorganic materials, the flexibility of polymers, and the high ionic conductivity of liquid electrolytes, represent a transitional solution for high-energy-density lithium batteries. However, the mechanisms by which inorganic fillers enhance multiphase interfacial conduction remain inadequately understood. In this work, we synthesized composite quasi-solid-state electrolytes with high inorganic content to investigate interfacial phenomena and achieve enhanced electrode interface stability. Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 particles, through surface anion anchoring, improve Li+ transference numbers and facilitate partial dissociation of solvated Li+ structures, resulting in superior ion transport kinetics that achieve an ionic conductivity of 0.51 mS cm−1 at room temperature. The high mass fraction of inorganic components additionally promotes the formation of more stable interfacial layers, enabling lithium-symmetric cells to operate without short-circuiting for 6000 h at 0.1 mA cm−2. Furthermore, this system demonstrates exceptional stability in 5 V-class lithium metal full cells, maintaining 80.5% capacity retention over 200 cycles at 0.5C. These findings guide the role of inorganic interfaces in composite electrolytes and demonstrate their potential for advancing high-voltage lithium battery technology.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01770-9
Conventional gas sensing materials (e.g., metal oxides) suffer from deficient sensitivity and serve cross-sensitivity issues due to the lack of efficient adsorption sites. Herein, the heteroatom atomically doping strategy is demonstrated to significantly enhance the sensing performance of metal oxides-based gas sensing materials. Specifically, the Sn atoms were incorporated into porous Fe2O3 in the form of atomically dispersed sites. As revealed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, these Sn atoms successfully occupy the Fe sites in the Fe2O3 lattice, forming the unique Sn–O–Fe sites. Compared to Fe–O–Fe sites (from bare Fe2O3) and Sn–O–Sn sites (from SnO2/Fe2O3 with high Sn loading), the Sn–O–Fe sites on porous Fe2O3 exhibit a superior sensitivity (Rg/Ra = 2646.6) to 1 ppm NO2, along with dramatically increased selectivity and ultra-low limits of detection (10 ppb). Further theoretical calculations suggest that the strong adsorption of NO2 on Sn–O–Fe sites (N atom on Sn site, O atom on Fe site) contributes a more efficient gas response, compared to NO2 on Fe–O–Fe sites and other gases on Sn–O–Fe sites. Moreover, the incorporated Sn atoms reduce the bandgap of Fe2O3, not only facilitating the electron release but also increasing the NO2 adsorption at a low working temperature (150 °C). This work introduces an effective strategy to construct effective adsorption sites that show a unique response to specific gas molecules, potentially promoting the rational design of atomically modified gas sensing materials with high sensitivity and high selectivity.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01794-1
Zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSs) are promising energy storage systems integrating high energy density and high-power density, whereas they are plagued by the poor electrochemical stability and inferior kinetics of zinc anodes. Herein, we report an electrolyte additive-assembled interconnecting molecules–zinc anode interface, realizing highly stable and fast-kinetics zinc anodes for ZHSs. The sulfobutyl groups-grafted β-cyclodextrin (SC) supramolecules as a trace additive in ZnSO4 electrolytes not only adsorb on zinc anodes but also self-assemble into an interconnecting molecule interface benefiting from the mutual attraction between the electron-rich sulfobutyl group and the electron-poor cavity of the adjacent SC supramolecule. The interconnecting molecules–zinc anode interface provides abundant anion-trapping cavities and zincophilic groups to enhance Zn2+ transference number and homogenize Zn2+ deposition sites, and meanwhile, it accelerates the desolvation of hydrated Zn2+ to improve zinc deposition kinetics and inhibit active water molecules from inducing parasitic reactions at the zinc deposition interface, making zinc anodes present superior reversibility with 99.7% Coulombic efficiency, ~30 times increase in operation lifetime and an outstanding cumulative capacity at large current densities. ZHSs with 20,000-cycle life and optimized rate capability are thereby achieved. This work provides an inspiring strategy for designing zinc anode interfaces to promote the development of ZHSs.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01754-9
The utilization of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) holds great potential for achieving tailorable tuning of catalytic performance through bottom-up modulation of the reticular structure. In this work, we show that a single-point structural alteration in the linkage within a nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc)-based series effectively modulates the catalytic performance of the COFs in electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). A NiPc-based COF series with three members which possess the same NiPc unit but different linkages, including piperazine, dioxin, and dithiine, have been constructed by nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction between octafluorophthalocyanine nickel and tetrasubstituted benzene linkers with different bridging groups. Among these COFs, the dioxin-linked COF showed the best activity of CO2RR with a current density of CO (jCO) = −27.99 mA cm−2 at −1.0 V (versus reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE), while the COF with piperazine linkage demonstrated an excellent selectivity of Faradaic efficiency for CO (FECO) up to 90.7% at a pretty low overpotential of 0.39 V. In addition, both a high FECO value close to 100% and a reasonable jCO of −8.20 mA cm–2 at the potential of −0.8 V (versus RHE) were obtained by the piperazine-linked COF, making it one of the most competitive candidates among COF-based materials. Mechanistic studies exhibited that single-point structural alteration could tailor the electron density in Ni sites and alter the interaction between the active sites and the key intermediates adsorbed and desorbed, thereby tuning the electrochemical performance during CO2RR process.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01766-5
Hygroscopic hydrogel is a promising evaporative-cooling material for high-power passive daytime cooling with water self-regeneration. However, undesired solar and environmental heating makes it a challenge to maintain sub-ambient daytime cooling. While different strategies have been developed to mitigate heat gains, they inevitably sacrifice the evaporation and water regeneration due to highly coupled thermal and vapor transport. Here, an anisotropic synergistically performed insulation-radiation-evaporation (ASPIRE) cooler is developed by leveraging a dual-alignment structure both internal and external to the hydrogel for coordinated thermal and water transport. The ASPIRE cooler achieves an impressive average sub-ambient cooling temperature of ~8.2 °C and a remarkable peak cooling power of 311 W m−2 under direct sunlight. Further examining the cooling mechanism reveals that the ASPIRE cooler reduces the solar and environmental heat gains without comprising the evaporation. Moreover, self-sustained multi-day cooling is possible with water self-regeneration at night under both clear and cloudy days. The synergistic design provides new insights toward high-power, sustainable, and all-weather passive cooling applications.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01717-0
Rational design of multifunctional nanoplatforms capable of combining therapeutic effects with real-time monitoring of drug distribution and tumor status is emerging as a promising approach in cancer nanomedicine. Here, we introduce pyropheophorbide a–bisaminoquinoline conjugate lipid nanoparticles (PPBC LNPs) as a bimodal system for image-guided phototherapy in bladder cancer treatment. PPBC LNPs not only demonstrate both powerful photodynamic and photothermal effects upon light activation, but also exhibit potent autophagy blockage, effectively inducing bladder cancer cell death. Furthermore, PPBC LNPs possess remarkable photoacoustic (PA) and fluorescence (FL) imaging capabilities, enabling imaging with high-resolution, deep tissue penetration and high sensitivity for tracking drug biodistribution and phototherapy efficacy. Specifically, PA imaging confirms the efficient accumulation of PPBC LNPs within tumor and predicts therapeutic outcomes of photodynamic therapy, while FL imaging confirms their prolonged retention at the tumor site for up to 6 days. PPBC LNPs significantly suppress bladder tumor growth, with several tumors completely ablated following just two doses of the nanoparticles and laser treatment. Additionally, PPBC LNPs were formulated with lipid-based excipients and assembled using microfluidic technology to enhance biocompatibility, stability, and scalability, showing potential for clinical translation. This versatile nanoparticle represents a promising candidate for further development in bladder cancer therapy.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01603-1
Traditional hemostatic materials are difficult to meet the needs of non-compressible bleeding and for coagulopathic patients. In addition, open wounds are susceptible to infection, and then develop into chronic wounds. However, the development of integrated dressings that do not depend on coagulation pathway and improve the microenvironment of chronic wounds remains a challenge. Inspired by the porous structure and composition of the natural extracellular matrix, adipic dihydrazide modified gelatin (GA), dodecylamine-grafted hyaluronic acid (HD), and MnO2 nanozyme (manganese dioxide)@DFO (deferoxamine)@PDA (polydopamine) (MDP) nanoparticles were combined to prepare GA/HD/MDP cryogels through amidation reaction and hydrogen bonding. These cryogels exhibited good fatigue resistance, photothermal antibacterial (about 98% killing ratios of both Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) after 3 min near-infrared irradiation), reactive oxygen species scavenging, oxygen release, and angiogenesis properties. Furthermore, in the liver defect model of rats with coagulopathy, the cryogel displayed less bleeding and shorter hemostasis time than commercial gelatin sponge. In MRSA-infected diabetic wounds, the cryogel could decrease wound inflammation and oxidative stress, alleviate the hypoxic environment, promote collagen deposition, and induce vascular regeneration, showing a better repair effect compared with the Tegaderm™ film. These results indicated that GA/HD/MDP cryogels have great potential in non-compressible hemorrhage for coagulopathic patients and in healing infected wounds for diabetic patients.
New Carbon Materials (新型炭材料)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(NCM2026-41-03-07)
Conventional lignin-based carbons typically have sluggish ion transport and a limited number of active sites, which restrict their performance as electrodes in supercapacitors. A Moiré-like morphology was engineered by the in-situ deposition of lignin carbon onto DVD matrix onto lignin carbon for the fabrication of a photo-assisted supercapacitor (PASC). The Moiré-like structure modulates light propagation across different frequencies by dispersion effects, thereby increasing surface light absorption and improving the electrochemical performance of the PASC. Under illumination, the carbon has a specific capacitance of 253.5 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, corresponding to a 35.6% improvement over one without this grating surface (186.9 F g−1). A symmetrical capacitor using this material has an areal capacitance of 58.84 mF cm−2 and an energy density of 4.46 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 365.2 W kg−1, maintaining 85.2% of its initial capacitance after 5000 cycles, thus demonstrating excellent cycling stability. This work suggests a cost-effective strategy to simultaneously improve the light-harvesting ability and capacitive performance of PASCs.
New Carbon Materials (新型炭材料)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(NCM2026-41-03-02)
Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMBs) are a high-performance carbon material that has been widely used in energy storage and as high-temperature structural materials due to their highly controllable microstructure and excellent electrical conductivity. However, with different energy storage mechanisms such as lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, potassium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors, MCMBs with a single structure cannot fully meet the different material performance requirements. We review the basic characteristics, preparation methods, formation mechanism and modification strategies of MCMBs, focusing on the relationship between its microstructure and electrochemical performance in various energy storage systems, and its application in other fields. The opportunities and challenges of using MCMBs in different energy storage applications are considered.
New Carbon Materials (新型炭材料)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(NCM2024-39-04-08)
Interfacial adhesion between carbon fibers (CF) and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) is a key factor that affects the mechanical performances of their composites. It is therefore of great importance to impregnate the CF bundles with PEKK as efficiently as possible. We report that PEKK with a good dispersion in a mixed solution of 4-chlorophenol and 1,2-dichloroethane can be introduced onto CF surfaces by solution impregnation and curing at 280, 320, 340 and 360 °C. The excellent wettability or infiltration of the PEKK solution guarantees a full covering and its tight binding to CFs, making it possible to evaluate the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) with the microdroplet method. The interior of the CF bundles is completely and uniformly filled with PEKK by solution impregnation, leading to a high interlaminar shear strength (ILSS). The maximum IFSS and ILSS reached 107.8 and 99.3 MPa, respectively. Such superior shear properties are ascribed to the formation of amorphous PEKK in the small spaces between CFs.
New Carbon Materials (新型炭材料)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(NCM2024-39-03-07)
The chlor-alkali process plays a key and irreplaceable role in the chemical industry because of its use in various industrial processes. However, the low selectivity and efficiency of the reported chlorine evolution reaction (CER) electrocatalysts obviously hinder its practical use. We report a simple method for the controlled growth of high-performance CER electrocatalysts by first growing cobalt hydroxide on the surface of carbon cloth, followed by the in-situ growth of graphdiyne (GDY/Co(OH)2). As expected, the as-synthesized catalyst has a small overpotential of only 83 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a maximum Faradaic Efficiency (FE) of 91.54%, and a high chlorine yield of 157.11 mg h−1 cm−2 in acidic simulated seawater. Experimental results demonstrate that the in-situ growth of GDY on the Co(OH)2 surface leads to the formation of heterointerfaces with strong electron transfer between GDY and Co atoms, resulting in a higher conductivity, larger active specific surface area and more active sites, thereby improving the overall electrocatalytic selectivity and efficiency.
New Carbon Materials (新型炭材料)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(NCM2024-39-03-09)
Metal chloride-intercalated graphite with excellent conductivity and a large interlayer spacing is highly desired for use in sodium ion batteries. However, halogen vapor is usually indispensable in initiating the intercalation process, which makes equipment design and experiments challenging. In this work, SO2Cl2 was used as a chlorine generator to intensify the intercalation of BiCl3 into graphite (BiCl3-GICs), which avoided the potential risks, such as Cl2 leakage, in traditional methods. The operational efficiency in the experiment was also improved. After the reaction of SO2Cl2, BiCl3, and graphite at 200 °C for 20 h, the synthesized BiCl3-GICs had a large interlayer spacing (1.26 nm) and a high amount of BiCl3 intercalation (42%), which gave SIBs a high specific capacity of 213 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 and an excellent rate performance (170 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1). In-situ Raman spectra revealed that the electronic interaction between graphite and intercalated BiCl3 is weakened during the first discharge, which is favorable for sodium storage. This work broadly enables the increased intercalation of other metal chloride-intercalated graphites, offering possibilities for developing advanced energy storage devices.
New Carbon Materials (新型炭材料)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(NCM2024-39-01-08)
The nitrate reduction reaction (NtRR) has been demonstrated to be a promising way for obtaining ammonia (NH3) by converting NO3− to NH3. Here we report the controlled synthesis of cobalt tetroxide/graphdiyne heterostructured nanowires (Co3O4/GDY NWs) by a simple two-step process including the synthesis of Co3O4 NWs and the following growth of GDY using hexaethynylbenzene as the precursor at 110 °C for 10 h. Detailed scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman characterization confirmed the synthesis of a Co3O4/GDY heterointerface with the formation of sp-C―Co bonds at the interface and incomplete charge transfer between GDY and Co, which provide a continuous supply of electrons for the catalytic reaction and ensure a rapid NtRR. Because of these advantages, Co3O4/GDY NWs had an excellent NtRR performance with a high NH3 yield rate (YNH3) of 0.78 mmol h−1 cm−2 and a Faraday efficiency (FE) of 92.45% at −1.05 V (vs. RHE). This work provides a general approach for synthesizing heterostructures that can drive high-performance ammonia production from wastewater under ambient conditions.
New Carbon Materials (新型炭材料)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(NCM2025-40-01-10)
For rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs), the design of nanocomposites comprised of electrochemically active materials and carbon materials with novel structures has great promise in addressing the issue of electrical conductivity and structural stability in the electrode materials during electrochemical cycling. We report the production of a novel flexible electrode material, by anchoring MnO2 nanosheets on a B,N co-doped carbon nanotube array (BNCNTs) grown on carbon cloth (BNCNTs@MnO2), which was fabricated by in-situ pyrolysis and hydrothermal growth. The generated BNCNTs were strongly bonded to the surface of the carbon fibers in the carbon cloth which provides both excellent electron transport and ion diffusion, and improves the stability and durability of the cathode. Importantly, the BNCNTs offer more active sites for the hydrothermal growth of MnO2, ensuring a uniform distribution. Electrochemical tests show that BNCNTs@MnO2 delivers a high specific capacity of 310.7 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, along with excellent rate capability and outstanding cycling stability, with a 79.7% capacity retention after 8000 cycles at 3 A g−1.
Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China (中国有色金属学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66951-2
The dependence of shrinkage porosities on microstructure characteristics of Mg−12Al alloy was investigated. The distribution, morphology, size, and number density of shrinkage porosities were analyzed under different cooling rates. The relationship between shrinkage porosities and microstructure characteristics was discussed in terms of temperature conditions, feeding channel characteristics, and feeding capacity. Further, the feeding behavior of the residual liquid phase in the solid skeleton was quantified by introducing permeability. Results show a strong correlation between the solid microstructure skeleton and shrinkage porosity characteristics. An increase in permeability corresponds to a declining number density of shrinkage porosities. This study aims to provide a more complete understanding how to reduce shrinkage porosities by controlling microstructure characteristics.
Int. Journal of Mining Science and Technology (采矿与安全工程)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.01.010
Cleat serves as the primary flow pathway for coalbed methane (CBM) and water. However, few studies consider the impact of local contact on two-phase flow within cleats. A visual generalized model of endogenous cleats was constructed based on microfluidics. A microscopic and mesoscopic observation technique was proposed to simultaneously capture gas–liquid interface morphology of pores and throat and the two-phase flow characteristics in entire cleat system. The local contact characteristics of cleats reduced absolute permeability, which resulted in a sharp increase in the starting pressure. The reduced gas flow capacity narrowed the co-infiltration area and decreased water saturation at the isotonic point in a hydrophilic environment. The increased local contact area of cleats weakened gas phase flow capacity and narrowed the co-infiltration area. Jumping events occurred in methane-water flow due to altered porosity caused by local contact in cleats. The distribution of residual phases changed the jumping direction on the micro-scale as well as the dominant channel on the mesoscale. Besides, jumping events caused additional energy dissipation, which was ignored in traditional two-phase flow models. This might contribute to the overestimation of relative permeability. The work provides new methods and insights for investigating unsaturated flow in complex porous media.
Journal of Semiconductors (半导体学报 - 中国科学院半导体研究所)•2025•DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/25030015
Currently, the global 5G network, cloud computing, and data center industries are experiencing rapid development. The continuous growth of data center traffic has driven the vigorous progress in high-speed optical transceivers for optical interconnection within data centers. The electro-absorption modulated laser (EML), which is widely used in optical fiber communications, data centers, and high-speed data transmission systems, represents a high-performance photoelectric conversion device. Compared to traditional directly modulated lasers (DMLs), EMLs demonstrate lower frequency chirp and higher modulation bandwidth, enabling support for higher data rates and longer transmission distances. This article introduces the composition, working principles, manufacturing processes, and applications of EMLs. It reviews the progress on advanced indium phosphide (InP)-based EML devices from research institutions worldwide, while summarizing and comparing data transmission rates and key technical approaches across various studies.
Int. Journal of Mining Science and Technology (采矿与安全工程)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.05.001
Prolonged cyclic water intrusion has progressively developed joints in the hydro-fluctuation belt, elevating the instability risk of reservoir bank slopes. To investigate its impact on joint shear damage evolution, joint samples were prepared using three representative roughness curves and subjected to direct shear testing following cyclic water intrusion. A shear damage constitutive model considering the coupling effect of cyclic water intrusion and load was developed based on macroscopic phenomenological damage mechanics and micro-statistical theory. Results indicate: (1) All critical shear mechanical parameters (including peak shear strength, shear stiffness, basic friction angle, and joint compressive strength) exhibit progressive deterioration with increasing water intrusion cycles; (2) Model validation through experimental curve comparisons confirms its reliability. The model demonstrates that intensified water intrusion cycles reduce key mechanical indices, inducing a brittle-to-ductile transition in joint surface deformation — a behavior consistent with experimental observations; (3) Damage under cyclic water intrusion and load coupling follows an S-shaped trend, divided into stabilization (water-dominated stage), development (load-dominated stage), and completion stages. The research provides valuable insights for stability studies, such as similar model experiments for reservoir bank slopes and other water-related projects.
Journal of Semiconductors (半导体学报 - 中国科学院半导体研究所)•2025•DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/25120029
Temperature dependent photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved PL (TRPL) of CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) in solution and film are investigated. The electron−phonon coupling strength of quantum dots in solution is found two times larger than that of thin films. The averaged phonon energy involved in luminescence is also significantly higher than that of thin films, indicating that ligands’ phonons are involved in optical processes in solution but not in film. TRPL shows that the luminescence lifetime of the solution (22.5 ns) is longer than that of the thin film (5 ns) at room temperature, and both decrease abnormally with decreasing temperature, ascribing to the thermally activated trap states for PL, the further analysis shows that the trap energy levels in the thin film are deeper (~20 meV) compared to ~4 meV in solution. Our work proves that the morphology of organic ligands can regulate electron−phonon interactions and optoelectronic properties in CsPbBr3 QDs, providing fundamental insights into its photophysics.
China Foundry•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s41230-025-4043-z
The reuse of green sand in casting production is hindered by the accumulation of oolitic deposits, primarily composed of clay binder with surface degradation, which may adversely affect the the moulding sand performance. Currently, there is a lack of standardized methods for quantifying the oolitic content. Accurate measurement of oolitic content is of great significance to the reuse of green sand. Attempts to determine oolitic content using potassium hydroxide (KOH) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) methods encounter challenges due to their excessive reactions with SiO2 in the sand. In this study, an improved method for measuring the oolitic content of green sand with repeated approximations was proposed. This method judges the chemical activity of the sample surface through the change of its mass to accurately obtain the mass of the reaction oolitic deposits. The test result of the used sand samples from the foundry shows that the oolitic deposits are completely removed after reacting with KOH solution three times at 300 °C for 20 min. SEM and EDS also show that after three times of reactions, the surface of green sand becomes smooth and the content of Al-containing oolitic deposits is very low. This indicates that the method can accurately control the extent of the reaction. Implementation of this method at Huangshi Dongbei Casting Co., Ltd. has yielded consistent and reliable test results, effectively mirroring variations in green sand oolitic content on the production line. This new method is expected to be widely adopted to improve the efficiency and quality of reused green sand in casting operations.
China Foundry•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s41230-025-5001-5
Ceramic cores are important in the fabrication of superalloy hollow blades, which are increasingly characterized by intricate internal cavity channels. This complexity poses significant challenges to traditional manufacturing processes. The vat photopolymerization 3D printing technology provides a new choice for ceramic cores with complex structures. However, the lamellar structure of the vat photopolymerization 3D printed ceramic cores leads to the anisotropy. Meanwhile, the low strength and high shrinkage of ceramic cores restrict their industrial application. In this study, using Al2O3 powder as the main material, the effects of zircon content on the sintering shrinkage, open porosity, flexural strength, and other properties of Al2O3-based ceramic cores were studied to address the aforementioned issues. The influencing mechanism of zircon distribution on sintering shrinkage was analyzed, and the strengthening mechanism of mullite on ceramic cores was discussed from both thermodynamics and dynamics aspects. Through the comprehensive evaluation of ceramic core properties, the Al2O3-based ceramic core with 15vol.% zircon exhibites the optimal performance. Compared with the core samples without zirconium addition, the flexural strength of the Al2O3-based ceramic core with 15vol.% zircon increases from 14.80 MPa to 61.54 MPa at 25 °C, an increase of 315.8%; and from 4.91 MPa to 11.59 MPa at 1,500 °C, an increase of 136.0%. The shrinkage in the Z-axis is reduced by 21%, which better weakens the anisotropy of the shrinkage of 3D printed Al2O3-based ceramic cores. ZrO2 phase and mullite phase are formed by zircon, which improve the comprehensive properties of Al2O3-based ceramic cores. The successful 3D printing of high-performance Al2O3-based ceramic cores via vat photopolymerization has promoted its industrial application for fabricating ceramic cores with complex structures.
China Foundry•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s41230-025-5003-3
The performance of an aero-engine is closely related to the cooling ability of the hollow turbine blades. Ceramic core is an important component in the production of hollow turbine blades with a complex structure. As the pace of updating and iteration in turbine blade design continues to accelerate, the internal cavity structures of turbine blades have become increasingly complex. Traditional hot injection process is difficult to meet the production requirements of ceramic cores with complex structures. 3D printing technology can manufacture ceramic cores without the need for moulds, significantly shortening the production cycle and providing a new technology for the production of ceramic cores with complex structures. To meet the technical requirements of the investment casting process, ceramic cores must possess adequate mechanical strength and appropriate porosity. In this work, the ceramic slurry with polysilazane (PSZ) precursor was successfully prepared, and the Al2O3-based ceramic cores with high performance were fabricated using 3D printing technology. The regulation mechanism of polysilazane on the performance of ceramic cores was investigated. The results show that with the increase of PSZ content, the flexural strength of ceramic cores firstly increases and then decreases. When the content of PSZ is 5%, the flexural strength at 25 °C and 1,500 °C are 31.5 MPa and 13.1 MPa, respectively, and the porosity is 36.7%. This work is expected to advance the research and practical application of high-performance ceramic cores fabricated via 3D printing.
China Foundry•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s41230-025-4047-8
As a typical eutectic high-entropy alloy (EHEA), AlCoCrFeNi2.1 exhibits excellent casting properties. However, the imbalance between strength and plasticity hinders its application as an advanced structural material. In order to address this challenge, deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) as a new process applied in the field of EHEAs was proposed in this study. The effects of different DCT times on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 EHEAs were studied, mainly focusing on the flake structure of FCC+B2 layer. The experimental results suggest that with the extension of the DCT time, the dislocation density in the FCC phase increases significantly. The spherical BCC precipitate phase is generated within the B2 phase, and the average size of this newly generated precipitate phase gradually decreases. Increasing the number of dislocations and precipitate phases is of great significance to improve the mechanical properties. The AlCoCrFeNi2.1 EHEA exhibits excellent comprehensive mechanical properties after DCT for 36 h. Compared with the as-cast state, the tensile strength at room temperature reaches 1,034.51 MPa, increased by 5.74%. The plasticity reaches 21.72%, which is increased by 11.79%. The results show that the tensile strength and ductility of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 EHEAs are balanced and improved after DCT, which are more suitable as advanced structural materials. In addition, the introduction of the DCT process to EHEAs solves the problem of environmental pollution caused by traditional heat treatment process. This study provides useful guidance for using the DCT process to strengthen the mechanical properties of “lamellar + block” type EHEAs.
Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering•2025•DOI: 10.1186/s10033-025-01197-8
During the metal cutting process, especially in continuous contact conditions like turning, the challenge of lubricants failing to effectively reach the cutting point remains unresolved. Micro-textured cutting tools offer a potential solution for tool-chip contact challenges. Inspired by the evolutionary achievements of the biosphere, micro-textures are expected to overcome lubrication limitations in cutting zones. Drawing on the anti-gravity water transport seen at the mouth edge of the Nepenthes plant, an innovative microchannel with Nepenthes-shaped contours was designed on the rake face to enable controlled lubricant transport. However, the dynamics of lubricant delivery on textured surfaces are not fully understood. This study first analyzed the microstructure and water transport mechanism of Nepenthes to reconstruct a micro-textured surface for controlled lubricant transport. A dynamic model was then developed to describe lubricant transport within open microchannels, with mathematical simulations predicting transport speed and flow distance. To validate this model, diffusion experiments of alumina soybean oil nanolubricant on polycrystalline diamond (PCD) cutting tool surfaces were conducted, showing an average prediction deviation of 5.01%. Compared with the classical Lucas-Washburn model, the new model improved prediction accuracy by 4.72%. Additionally, comparisons were made to examine droplet spreading and non-uniform diffusion on textured surfaces, revealing that the T2 surface exhibited the strongest unidirectional diffusion characteristics. The contact angle ratio, droplet unidirectional spreading ratio, and droplet spreading aspect ratio were 0.48, 1.75, and 3.99, respectively. Finally, the anti-wear, friction-reducing, and efficiency-enhancing mechanisms of micro-textured surfaces in minimum quantity lubrication turning were analyzed. This approach may support continuous cutting of difficult-to-machine materials.
Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering•2025•DOI: 10.1186/s10033-025-01298-4
Research has shown that when vehicles follow the Ackerman steering principle (ASP), the tire wear can be reduced and the path tracking performance can be improved. However, in the case of four-wheel independent steering (4WIS) vehicles, the steering systems of the four wheels are relatively independent, and there are differences and uncertainties in individual steering dynamics, which lead to challenges for all four wheels in simultaneously satisfying the ASP and may deteriorate the vehicle path tracking performance. In response to this problem, this paper introduces a four-wheel consistent coordinated steering control for 4WIS vehicles. The algorithm innovatively reconfigures the Ackerman steering relationships as coupling constraints among the wheels, and utilizes the constraint-following method to design controller. The controller achieves uniform boundedness (UB) and uniform ultimate boundedness (UUB) of ASP constraint error. The Carsim/Simulink joint simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm guarantees the approximate satisfaction of ASP in both the transient and steady-state of the vehicle path tracking. Also, it significantly improves the path tracking performance.
Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering•2025•DOI: 10.1186/s10033-024-01173-8
Despite significant progress in the Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) domain using pattern learning systems from data, machine learning (ML) still faces challenges related to limited generalization and weak interpretability. A promising approach to overcoming these challenges is to embed domain knowledge into the ML pipeline, enhancing the model with additional pattern information. In this paper, we review the latest developments in PHM, encapsulated under the concept of Knowledge Driven Machine Learning (KDML). We propose a hierarchical framework to define KDML in PHM, which includes scientific paradigms, knowledge sources, knowledge representations, and knowledge embedding methods. Using this framework, we examine current research to demonstrate how various forms of knowledge can be integrated into the ML pipeline and provide roadmap to specific usage. Furthermore, we present several case studies that illustrate specific implementations of KDML in the PHM domain, including inductive experience, physical model, and signal processing. We analyze the improvements in generalization capability and interpretability that KDML can achieve. Finally, we discuss the challenges, potential applications, and usage recommendations of KDML in PHM, with a particular focus on the critical need for interpretability to ensure trustworthy deployment of artificial intelligence in PHM.
Journal of Central South University•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s11771-025-6064-6
The aerodynamic pressure disturbances induced by middle air shafts and bypass ducts in subway tunnels pose significant challenges to enhancing train operational speeds. A comprehensive series of full-scale experiments are employed to examine the impact of these structural elements on the aerodynamic pressure characteristics of platform screen doors (PSDs) in high-speed subway stations. The experimental results reveal that peak pressures manifest on PSDs surfaces during two distinct scenarios in high-speed subway systems equipped with middle air shafts. One is compression pressure waves propagated from trains traversing the air shaft, and the other is train nearby flow when trains pass the PSDs directly. The peak positive pressures caused by train passing PSDs are much greater than compression pressure waves. Closing middle air shaft can reduce the passing pressure waves. The installation of bypass ducts at overtaking station entrances effectively mitigates peak negative pressures during train-PSD interactions, achieving a maximum reduction efficiency of 8%. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the structural design of high-speed subway tunnel systems.
Journal of Central South University•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s11771-025-6119-8
The “upper coal and lower bauxite” resource distribution pattern is widespread in China, where mining of the overlying coal seam significantly alters the stress environment of the underlying bauxite layer. This study investigates the stability of inclined bauxite pillars under the influence of stress redistribution caused by coal seam extraction. A theoretical model is developed to calculate the direction and magnitude of principal stresses in the inclined floor strata, and a pillar stability analysis model is established that considers the effect of principal stress rotation. The research employs a combination of theoretical analysis, physical modeling, numerical simulation, and field observation. Findings indicate that stress rotation is most pronounced at both ends of the coal seam goaf, with the maximum clockwise and counterclockwise rotation angles of 19° and −40°, respectively, observed in the bauxite layer. Inclined bauxite pillars are subjected to combined compressive and shear loading. Under such conditions, clockwise rotation of principal stress increases the shear-to-normal stress ratio, thereby reducing pillar stability. Pillars located beneath the coal wall are the first to fail due to stress concentration and principal stress rotation, which can trigger a cascade of instability among the adjacent pillars. The findings provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for ensuring the safe co-mining of coal seams and bauxite resources.
Journal of Central South University•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s11771-025-6106-0
Iron removal from zinc leachate in hydrometallurgy produces large volumes of low-grade, impurity-laden iron waste, posing significant environmental challenges. Magnetite precipitation offers a novel method for iron removal and resource recycling in zinc hydrometallurgy. However, the chemical similarity between ferrous and zinc ions, along with high zinc concentrations, causes zinc co-precipitation, challenging its application. To address this issue, this study utilized electron microscopy to observe key intermediate products in magnetite crystallization and employed EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure) to analyze their evolutionary mechanisms and zinc-binding configurations. The results indicate that the intermediate products during magnetite formation are sequentially green rust, feroxyhyte (δ-FeOOH), and weakly crystalline nanoparticles, and further analysis revealed that their transformation follows the dissolution-recrystallization mechanism. Furthermore, it was found that intermediate products such as green rust exhibit strong binding with zinc (via adsorption and lattice substitution), which was confirmed as a significant reason for the difficulty in separating zinc from magnetite. This study elucidates the transformation process of intermediate products during magnetite formation and, for the first time, reveals the binding configurations of zinc with these key intermediate products. This has significant implications for the development and optimization of new technologies for the efficient separation of iron and zinc during the magnetite precipitation process.
Journal of Central South University•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s11771-025-6073-5
The femtosecond laser is commonly used for high-quality micromachining of materials. However, the interaction time between the femtosecond laser and the substrate material is extremely short, making it difficult for quantitative measurements and analysis through experiments. In this work, we use a two-temperature model for simulation to study the ablation process of aluminum alloy and aluminum/titanium alloy under femtosecond laser pulse mode. The temperature changes and ablation process of both alloys under femtosecond laser burst irradiation were studied. The study found that when the separation time of sub-pulses was 1 ps, the surface temperature and ablation depth rised with the increase of sub-pulse numbers. A comparison was made between these two alloy types, and enhanced ablation was observed with the heterogeneous aluminum/titanium alloy, up to 34.7% deeper compared to aluminum alloy. Moreover, the detailed theoretical explanation was also discussed. This work provided a basis for efficient ablation of materials with low laser fluence.
Journal of Central South University•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s11771-025-6099-8
Potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) are rising as a noteworthy contender to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), particularly for large-scale applications, driven by the natural abundance and cost-effectiveness of potassium resource. Yet, lacking anodes which can reversibly accommodate the larger K+ currently poses a critical development hurdle, highlighting an urgent need for innovative solutions. Herein, porous ZnO-SnO2-graphene-carbon (ZTO-G-C) nanofibers are presented, featuring amorphous SnO2 and ZnO nanoparticles homogeneously dispersed within a carbon matrix, with the strategic graphene incorporation for enhanced performance. Employing an adjustable and straightforward electrospinning method, the nanofibers were crafted to achieve a stable fibrous architecture. When evaluated as KIB anodes, the ZTO-G-C nanofibers demonstrated remarkable cycling stability (retaining 230.82 mA·h/g over 100 cycles at 100 mA/g), and rate capability (184.78 mA·h/g at 1 A/g). This outstanding performance is due to the synergistic interaction among all active components, collectively enhancing the structural stability against volume expansion during K+ intercalation, facilitating efficient charge transport, and delivering exceptional cyclability, capacity, and rate performance. Moreover, the intrinsic pseudocapacitive behavior stemming from the porous carbon substrate of ZTO-G-C further boosts its overall K-storage capacity. It is anticipated that the insights gained from this study offer fresh perspectives for developing next-generation high-performance KIB anodes.
Journal of Central South University•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s11771-025-6112-2
This study investigates the effects of varying Sc content on phase composition, corrosion resistance and passive film characteristic of Al1.2CoCrFeNiScx (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) high-entropy alloys in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution. The addition of Sc causes the alloys to form a Laves phase which is a (Ni, Co)2Sc intermetallic compound with face centred cubic (FCC) structure and lattice parameter of 0.695 nm. During the potentiodynamic polarization process, Laves phase is severely corroded due to its large grain orientation spread value and high electrochemical activity. Sc deteriorates the corrosion resistance of the alloy primarily by significantly accelerating the corrosion rate rather than altering the corrosion tendency. Al1.2CoCrFeNiScx alloys exhibit poorer corrosion resistance in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 than in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution, with severe intergranular corrosion observed on the alloy surface. The passive films on Sc-free alloys primarily composed of Al2O3 and Cr2O3, while for Sc-containing alloys, the film mainly contains Al2O3, Cr2O3 and Sc2O3. In addition, the passive films on Sc-free alloys behave as an n-type semiconductor, while the passive films on Sc-containing alloys surface exhibit the electronic characteristics of p-n junctions. As the Sc content rises, the defect density in passive film increases from 1021 cm−3 to 1023 cm−3, which leads to a less compact and less protective passive film, ultimately decreasing the alloy’s corrosion resistance. This work holds significant guiding significance for the engineering application of high-entropy alloys in acidic environments and is conducive to the development of high-performance corrosion-resistant alloys.
Journal of Central South University•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s11771-025-6061-9
High-energy continuous wave (CW) lasers are mostly used in laser damage applications, but efficient laser ablation of transparent materials is challenging due to low optical absorption. Considering the potential of femtosecond (fs) laser-induced air filament for high-peak laser transmission over long distances, femtosecond (fs) laser-induced air filaments are combined with a millisecond (ms) laser to form an fs-ms CPL, enhancing the efficiency of sapphire ablation through synchronized spatial-temporal focusing. Experimental results show that ablation efficiency increases with the ms peak power and duty ratio. Excessive thermal stress leads to fragmentation of the sapphire when the ms duty ratio is over 30% at the peak power of 800 W, or when the peak power is over 500 W at a duty ratio of 100%. Also, the mechanism of high-efficiency damage is revealed through in-situ high-speed imaging. According to it, the ablation process went through 4 stages within 1.5 ms: defect-creating, melting and ablation, spattering, and fragmentation. Finally, the equivalent ablation efficiency of the fs-ms CPL is as high as 1.73×107 μm3/J, about 28 times higher compared to the fs laser only. The CPL damage method explored in this paper can provide theoretical guidance for efficient laser damage of transparent materials.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-024-3075-5
An effective approach to enhance the surface degradation characteristics of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) type 420 stainless steel involves the incorporation of spherical cast WC/W2C to create LPBF metal matrix composites (MMCs). However, the corrosion behavior of stainless steel and cast WC/W2C varies inversely across different pH levels, and the phenomenon of pitting corrosion in LPBF MMCs under varying pH conditions remains insufficiently explored. In LPBF 420 + 5wt% WC/W2C MMCs, pits form adjacent to cast WC/W2C in acidic and neutral environments, attributed to the presence of chromium-rich carbides and galvanic coupling effects. The dissolution of the reinforced particles facilitates pit nucleation in alkaline conditions. Notably, in-situ reaction layers exhibit superior corrosion resistance to the matrix or the reinforced particles across all pH levels. The distinct corrosion mechanisms influence the pitting corrosion behavior, with the corrosion ranking based on critical pitting potential being neutral > alkaline > acidic, contrasting the observed kinetics of pit growth (alkaline > acidic > neutral).
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-025-3132-8
To study the use of a shaft support for the auxiliary shaft of the Xi’anshan Iron Mine, in high-stress strata at a depth between 900 and 1000 m, a new type of mold was developed using the physical similarity model test method, based on the similarity theory, and an experimental model of the shaft lining and surrounding rock was poured. Two sets of large-scale destructive tests were conducted on the shaft lining and surrounding rock. The deformation and failure laws of the shaft lining and surrounding rock under high ground stress and their ultimate horizontal bearing capacity characteristics were studied, and the safety support characteristics of the shaft lining under the interaction of the shaft lining and surrounding rock were obtained. An experimental study demonstrated that the axial pressure on the shaft wall directly affected its ultimate horizontal bearing capacity of the shaft wall. In designing the shaft wall, the influence of the axial pressure on the stress state of the concrete should be considered, and the vertical pressure should be modified to optimize the utilization of the three-dimensional compressive strength of the concrete. The reliability of the 400-mm C30 concrete shaft wall at a depth of 1000 m in the actual project was verified, and the ultimate horizontal bearing capacity of the shaft wall was obtained for a depth of 1000 m.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-025-3268-6
Despite their attractive features of high energy density, low cost, and safety, polysulfide/iodide flow batteries (SIFBs) are hampered by the sluggish kinetics of the iodide redox couple, which restricts overall performance. Multicomponent sulfides are demonstrated as promising catalysts for accelerating redox reactions. Concurrently, the enhanced configurational entropy arising from multinary compositions drives synergistic effects among constituent elements, establishing a viable pathway to optimize catalytic performance. Building on these foundations, this work introduces a targeted orbital hybridization-optimized electron density strategy to enhance the catalytic activity. Implementing this concept, we developed an in-situ solvothermal synthesis process for an entropy-enhanced AgCuZnSnS4 loaded graphite felt (ACZTS/GF) electrode. The engineered electrode demonstrates exceptional electrocatalytic performance with improved bulk conductivity and interfacial charge transfer kinetics within a SIFB. The cell achieves a high energy efficiency of 88.5% at 20 mA·cm−2 with 10% state-of-charge. Furthermore, the battery delivers a maximum power density of 119.8 mW·cm−2 and exhibits excellent long-term cycling stability. These significant results stem from orbital hybridization-driven electronic state optimization and entropy effect-induced synergistic catalysis.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-025-3226-3
The development of highly active, durable, and low-cost electrocatalysts is crucial for electrocatalytic hydrogen production. Ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have extremely large specific surface areas, making them highly desirable electrocatalyst morphologies. Medium-entropy alloys (MEAs) exhibit compositional tunability and entropy-driven structural stability, making them ideal electrocatalyst candidates. In this study, MoCoNi MEA with ultrathin 2D morphology was successfully developed using a facile ionic layer epitaxial method. The ultrathin 2D MoCoNi MEA showed an excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalytic performance, with a low overpotential of 167 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 and small Tafel slope of 33.2 mV/dec. At the overpotential of 167 mV, the ultrathin 2D MoCoNi MEA exhibited ultrahigh mass activity of 3359.6 A/g, which is three orders of magnitude higher than that of the commercial noble metal oxide RuO2 (1.15 A/g). This excellent electrocatalytic performance was attributed to the synergy of multiple active metal-induced medium entropies, as well as the ultrathin thickness, which considerably shortened the charge-transfer distance and thus significantly promoted charge transfer. Owing to the natural entropy-stabilizing effect, the ultrathin 2D MoCoNi MEA maintained 90% of the initial current after a continuous OER electrocatalytic test for 134 h, showing impressive electrocatalytic stability. This study opens new avenues for the development of high-performance and low-cost electrocatalyst materials by creating MEAs with ultrathin 2D morphology.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-024-3044-z
In the field of broadband metamaterial absorbers, most research efforts have focused on optimizing the resonant layers and designing multi-layer structures, but relatively little attention has been paid to the dielectric layers themselves. This paper proposed a method using carbonyl iron powder to modify the dielectric layer. This method significantly enhances the electromagnetic wave attenuation capability of the dielectric layer with the X-band range for metamaterial absorbers. A broadband absorber with a reflection loss (RL) of less than –10 dB within the frequency range of 4.98–18 GHz and covering the C, X, and Ku band was designed. This work analyzed the surface current distribution and the power loss distribution to elucidate the absorption mechanism of the absorber. It was found that the modified dielectric layer accounted for more than 30% of the total loss in the 2–18 GHz frequency band, and the effective absorption bandwidth (RL ≤ –10 dB) was almost twice that of the unmodified dielectric layer. This enhancement in absorption bandwidth is attributed to the introduction of a new electromagnetic wave loss mechanism by carbonyl iron powder. Meanwhile, the absorber exhibited good angular stability, maintaining at least 80% absorption (RL ≤ –7 dB) in the 7.0–18.0 GHz range even when the incident angle was increased to 60°. The experimental results showed that the measured results matched the simulation results well. Furthermore, compared with other methods for broadening the absorption bandwidth, the metamaterial absorber obtained by this method offers several advantages, including wideband absorption, thin profile, and a simple manufacturing process. This approach provides a new and promising direction for the design of broadband absorbers.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-025-3191-x
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on α-phase FAPbI3 (α-FAPbI3) microcrystals precursor outperform those with δ-phase microcrystals due to their superior crystallinity and fewer defects, making α-phase microcrystals precursor more advantageous for high-performance PSCs. However, most reported synthesis methods of perovskite microcrystals, especially for aqueous synthesis, fail to reach the energy threshold required for α-phase transformation and therefore exhibit the δ phase. In this study, we introduce a novel aqueous synthesis method to fabricate α-FAPbI3 microcrystals. Our approach overcomes the energy barrier by properly heating the reaction system, enabling the direct formation of α-FAPbI3 in water. This direct one-step aqueous synthesis route yields α-FAPbI3 microcrystals with superior phase purity, crystallinity, and minimal defect density. Combined with green anti-solvent, the high-quality α-FAPbI3 microcrystals serving as exceptional precursors endow perovskite films with reduced nonradiative recombination. The PSC achieves a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.43%, which is one of the highest PCE reports for using the green anti-solvent in ambient air condition. This aqueous synthesis approach shows a significant potential for scalable production of high-performance PSCs.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-024-3043-0
Tensile deformation and microvoid formation of quenched and tempered SA508 Gr.3 steel were studied using an in-situ digital image correlation technique and in-situ electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements. The quenched steel with a mixture of upper bainite and granular bainite exhibited a high ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of ~795 MPa and an elongation of ~25%. After tempering, long-rod carbides and accumulated carbide particles were formed at the interface of bainite–ferrite subunits and prior austenite grain boundaries (PAGBs), respectively. The UTS of the tempered steel decreased to ~607 MPa, whereas the total elongation increased to 33.0% with a local strain of 191.0% at the necked area. In-situ EBSD results showed that strain localization in the bainite–ferrite produced lattice rotation and dislocation pileup, thus leading to stress concentration at the discontinuities (e.g., martensite–austenite islands and carbides). Consequently, the decohesion of PAGBs dotted with martensite–austenite islands was the dominant microvoid initiation mechanism in the quenched steel, whereas microvoids primarily initiated through the fracturing of long-rod carbides and the decohesion of PAGBs with carbides aggregation in the tempered steel. The fracture surfaces for both the quenched and tempered specimens featured dimples, indicating the ductile failure mechanism caused by microvoid coalescence.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-024-2987-4
High-performance and low-cost anode materials are critical for superior sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, high-yield porous carbon nanofiber (CNF) anode materials (named CNFs@Cu–Ni) are prepared by chemical vapor deposition using a specialized nanoporous Cu–Ni alloy catalyst. Density functional theory calculations indicate that Ni incorporation results in a shift of the d-band center of the catalyst from −2.34157 to −1.93682 eV. This phenomenon elucidates the remarkable adsorption capacity of the Cu–Ni catalyst toward C2H2, thereby facilitating the catalytic growth of high-performance CNFs. With this approach, a superior yield of 258.6% for deposited carbon is reached after growth for 1 h. The CNFs@Cu–Ni anode presents an outstanding discharge capacity of 193.6 mAh·g−1 at 1.0 A·g−1 over 1000 cycles and an exceptional rate capability by maintaining a capacity of 158.9 mAh·g−1 even at 5.0 A·g−1 in an ether-based electrolyte. It also exhibits excellent performance in the CNFs@Cu–Ni//NVP full battery attributed to the presence of abundant Na+ adsorption sites on its surface. This study presents a new concept for the advancement of high-performance carbonaceous electrodes for SIBs.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01612-0
Solar-driven interfacial evaporation is one of the most attractive approaches to addressing the global freshwater shortage. However, achieving an integrated high evaporation rate, salt harvesting, and multifunctionality in evaporator is still a crucial challenge. Here, a novel composite membrane with biomimetic micro-nanostructured superhydrophobic surface is designed via ultrafast laser etching technology. Attractively, the double-transition-metal (V1/2Mo1/2)2CTx MXene nanomaterials as a photothermal layer, exhibiting the enhanced photothermal conversion performance due to elevated joint densities of states, which enables high populations of photoexcited carrier relaxation and heat release, provides a new insight into the photothermal conversion mechanism for multiple principal element MXene. Hence, the (V1/2Mo1/2)2CTx MXene-200 composite membrane can achieve a high evaporation rate of 2.23 kg m−2 h−1 under one sun, owing to the enhanced “light trap” effect, photothermal conversion, and high-throughput water transfer. Synergetically, the membrane can induce the directed precipitation of salt at the membrane edge, thus enabling salt harvesting for recycling and zero-emission of brine water. Moreover, the composite membrane is endowed with excellent multifunctionality of anti-/de-icing, anti-fouling, and antibacterial, overcoming the disadvantage that versatility is difficult to be compatible. Therefore, the evaporator and the promising strategy hold great potential for the practical application of solar evaporation.