Key Takeaways & Executive Findings
- •• A novel physical similarity model test method was developed to simulate deep shaft lining and surrounding rock behavior under high ground stress. • Axial pressure on the shaft wall significantly influences its ultimate horizontal bearing capacity, necessitating consideration in design. • The 400-mm C30 concrete shaft wall at 1000 m depth was verified as reliable, with its ultimate horizontal bearing capacity determined. • The study provides a theoretical basis for safe design of deep shafts by analyzing deformation and failure patterns under realistic stress conditions.
Abstract
To study the use of a shaft support for the auxiliary shaft of the Xi’anshan Iron Mine, in high-stress strata at a depth between 900 and 1000 m, a new type of mold was developed using the physical similarity model test method, based on the similarity theory, and an experimental model of the shaft lining and surrounding rock was poured. Two sets of large-scale destructive tests were conducted on the shaft lining and surrounding rock. The deformation and failure laws of the shaft lining and surrounding rock under high ground stress and their ultimate horizontal bearing capacity characteristics were studied, and the safety support characteristics of the shaft lining under the interaction of the shaft lining and surrounding rock were obtained. An experimental study demonstrated that the axial pressure on the shaft wall directly affected its ultimate horizontal bearing capacity of the shaft wall. In designing the shaft wall, the influence of the axial pressure on the stress state of the concrete should be considered, and the vertical pressure should be modified to optimize the utilization of the three-dimensional compressive strength of the concrete. The reliability of the 400-mm C30 concrete shaft wall at a depth of 1000 m in the actual project was verified, and the ultimate horizontal bearing capacity of the shaft wall was obtained for a depth of 1000 m.
1. Introduction
With the progressive exhaustion of shallow mineral resources, the development of mine shafts has been advancing significantly. With the gradual depletion of shallow mineral resources, the construction of mine shafts has developed to the deep [1–2]. As the shaft depth increases, the ground stress gradually increases, and deep high-stress conditions can easily lead to shaft failure. Therefore, to ensure safe and rapid excavation of mine shafts, a study on the stability of shaft linings and their surrounding rock and the characteristics of shaft safety supports under deep high-stress conditions is urgently required.
This study investigated the deformation and failure patterns of a mine shaft wall and surrounding rock under high ground stress conditions and determined the ultimate horizontal bearing capacity of the shaft wall, influence of the axial pressure on the shaft wall design, selection and proportioning of similar materials, synchronous loading and failure mechanisms of the shaft wall and surrounding rock, and impact of temperature on the experimental results. Deformation and failure patterns of the shaft wall and surrounding rock were analyzed by simulating the stress conditions practically experienced through physical similarity model tests, providing a theoretical basis for the safe design of deep shafts.
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Renshu Yang, Feixiang Lu, Xinmin Ma, Liyun Yang, Yiyin Hu, Shuo Zhang (2025). Model experimental study on the safety characteristics of surrounding rock supports in deep wells. Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-025-3132-8
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is the main objective of this study?
The main objective is to investigate the deformation and failure patterns of deep mine shaft lining and surrounding rock under high ground stress, and to determine the ultimate horizontal bearing capacity of the shaft wall, providing a theoretical basis for safe deep shaft design.
How was the experimental model developed?
A new type of mold was developed using the physical similarity model test method based on similarity theory, and an experimental model of the shaft lining and surrounding rock was poured for large-scale destructive tests.
What are the key findings regarding axial pressure?
The study found that axial pressure on the shaft wall directly affects its ultimate horizontal bearing capacity. Therefore, the influence of axial pressure on the stress state of concrete should be considered in shaft wall design, and vertical pressure should be modified to optimize the use of concrete's three-dimensional compressive strength.
What is the significance of the 400-mm C30 concrete shaft wall?
The reliability of the 400-mm C30 concrete shaft wall at a depth of 1000 m was verified in the actual project, and its ultimate horizontal bearing capacity was obtained, confirming its safety under high ground stress conditions.
What methods were used to analyze the results?
The deformation and failure patterns were analyzed by simulating practical stress conditions through physical similarity model tests, and the results were confirmed using numerical simulations, laying a foundation for mathematical models and new theories.
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