• The ZTO-G-C nanofibers exhibit high reversible capacity (230.82 mA·h/g after 100 cycles) and excellent rate capability (184.78 mA·h/g at 1 A/g) as KIB anodes.
• The synergistic integration of amorphous SnO2, ZnO, and graphene within a porous carbon matrix enhances structural stability and charge transport, mitigating volume expansion during K+ intercalation.
• The pseudocapacitive contribution from the porous carbon substrate significantly boosts the overall potassium storage capacity.
• This work provides a facile electrospinning strategy for designing high-performance anodes for next-generation potassium-ion batteries.