• Structural plane dip angle significantly influences the bearing capacity and failure modes of anchorage bodies, with peak stress decreasing from 54.80 MPa to 19.65 MPa as dip angle increases from 0° to 45°.
• Bolt anchoring enhances bearing capacity by up to 153.22% at 45° dip angle and transforms failure from brittle to ductile, improving overall stability.
• Pull-out tests identify two failure modes: slip at the bolt-rock interface and bolt fracture, with bolt fracture occurring at 45° under a 14.55 kN load, matching the bolt's yield strength.
• The failure mechanism involves structural plane sliding that shears the bolt and mechanical interlocking that restricts pull-out, providing insights for support design in complex geological environments.