Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China (中国有色金属学报)•2026•DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(26)67058-6
Twin-roll casting (TRC) Mg−3Al−1Sn−0.5Ca−0.2Mn (ATXM) alloys exhibit limited deformation resistance and inadequate corrosion performance, constraining their commercial deployment. This study integrates rare earth (RE) microalloying (Sm, Ce, or Y at 0.1 wt.%) with rolling to address the strength–plasticity–corrosion trilemma. Rolling reduces grain size from ~50 μm to below 5 μm and transforms Al8Mn5 secondary phases into Al8Mn4RE, modifying phase composition, dimension, and spatial arrangement. The rolled ATXM-0.1Y alloy achieves a yield strength of 238 MPa, tensile strength of 305 MPa, and elongation of 23%, coupled with a corrosion rate of approximately 1.7 mm/a—an ~80% reduction relative to TRC ATXM. Sm and Ce additions yield strengths of 238 and 232 MPa, elongations of 18% and 17%, and corrosion rates of 3.4 and 2.9 mm/a, respectively. Strengthening mechanisms are attributed to fine-grain and Orowan strengthening, while corrosion mitigation arises from reduced individual galvanic corrosion and enhanced protective corrosion product film quality. The work establishes a screening protocol for RE elements and processing parameters to synergistically improve mechanical and corrosion properties, facilitating commercial adoption of Mg alloys.
Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials (含能材料)•2026•DOI: 10.11943/CJEM2026028
Reactive tungsten alloys (RTAs) are a class of metallic energetic structural materials that combine a high-density tungsten skeleton with reactive elements such as Zr and Ti, offering synergistic capabilities of high-strength load bearing, kinetic penetration, and shock-induced energy release. This review systematically examines the composition design and fabrication methods of RTAs, detailing their typical microstructural characteristics and the structure–mechanical property relationships. It summarizes penetration behavior and energy release characterization under high-velocity impact, and outlines future directions including machine-learning-assisted multi-objective design, development of large-scale component forming technologies, and establishment of multi-scale constitutive models to elucidate penetration and energy release mechanisms. The review highlights that RTAs can achieve dynamic compressive strengths exceeding 2 GPa and densities above 10 g·cm−3, while the addition of elements such as Ti and Nb suppresses the formation of brittle W2Zr intermetallics, improving ductility. Challenges remain in balancing strength, energy release, and processability, particularly in solid-state sintering above 1500 °C. The paper provides a comprehensive foundation for the design and engineering application of high-density reactive tungsten alloys.
Journal of Semiconductors (半导体学报 - 中国科学院半导体研究所)•2026•DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/25120042
GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are constrained by the absence of p-type conductive epitaxial distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs), forcing reliance on dielectric DBRs that impose high thermal resistance or complex substrate removal. This work demonstrates a room-temperature electrically injected GaN VCSEL incorporating a conductive nanoporous (NP) GaN DBR fabricated by electrochemical etching of alternating n-GaN layers with varying Si doping. The NP-GaN DBR exhibits low electrical resistance, enabling vertical current injection. Under pulsed operation, the device with a 10-μm aperture lases at 427.7 nm with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.8 nm. The threshold current is 26 mA, corresponding to a threshold current density of approximately 33 kA/cm². Polarization degree increases from 35% below threshold to 86% above threshold, confirming lasing. The turn-on voltage remains high, primarily due to p-side resistance. These results validate the potential of conductive NP-GaN DBRs for high-density two-dimensional VCSEL arrays, though further reduction of p-side resistance is required for continuous-wave operation.
China Foundry•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s41230-026-5146-x
Wire-arc directed energy deposition (WA-DED) has attracted considerable attention for the fabrication of magnesium (Mg) alloys due to its high efficiency, low cost, and rapid prototyping capability for complex components. However, the inherent rapid solidification and complex thermal cycling associated with WA-DED often result in coarse columnar grains and pronounced mechanical anisotropy, which severely limiting its application potential. In this study, a novel spiral oscillation (SO) strategy was implemented during WA-DED AZ31 Mg alloy to refine the microstructure, reduce mechanical anisotropy, and achieve a strength-ductility synergy. Specifically, the yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and elongation (EL) are increased by 9.7%, 38.1%, and 147%, respectively. These improvements by the SO strategy are primarily attributed to the promotion of columnar-to-equiaxed transformation (CET), a 74.2% reduction in maximum texture intensity, and a more uniform distribution of second-phase particles. Second-phase particles are primarily composed of Al8Mn5 and Al8Mn4Y. This study provides a novel strategy for microstructural control aimed at improving the performance of WA-DED AZ31 Mg alloy components.
Nano-Micro Letters•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-02003-9
Accurate blood pressure (BP) monitoring is essential for preventing and managing cardiovascular disease. Advancements in materials science, medicine, flexible electronic, and artificial intelligence (AI) have enabled cuffless, unobtrusive BP monitoring systems, offering an alternative to traditional sphygmomanometers. However, extending these advances to real-world cardiovascular care particularly in resource-limited settings remains challenging due to constraints in computational resources, power efficiency, and deployment scalability. This review presents a comprehensive synthesis of AI-enhanced wearable BP monitoring, emphasizing its potential for personalized, scalable, and accessible healthcare. We systematically analyze the end-to-end system architecture, from mechano-electric sensing principles and AI-based estimation models to edge-aware deployment strategies tailored for low-resource environments. We further discuss clinical validation metrics and implementation barriers and prospective strategies. To bridge lab-to-field translation, we propose an innovative "sensor-model-deployment-assessment" co-design framework. This roadmap highlights how AI-enhanced BP technologies can support proactive hypertension control and promote cardiovascular health equity on a global scale.
Journal of Central South University•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s11771-026-6272-8
The development of coalbed methane in China is constrained by complex geological conditions characterized by low permeability, low saturation, low reservoir pressure, and high adsorption ("three lows and one high"), posing significant challenges to its efficient development. The liquid nitrogen-induced fracturing and permeability enhancement technology can effectively promote the expansion and connection of macroscopic and microscopic fractures, thereby improving the permeability of coal seams. In this study, industrial micro-CT scanning technology, the VRA-UNet method, and fractal dimension calculation methods are employed to conduct an in-depth analysis of the action mechanism of liquid nitrogen cold soaking on the fracture structure of coal bodies with different metamorphism degrees. The results indicate that liquid nitrogen cold soaking promotes the generation, expansion, and connection of new fractures inside coal bodies to form fracture networks. Via Matlab programming and VG Studio MAX image analysis software, fracture extraction and calculation are performed on CT-scanned coal samples; it is statistically found that the quantitative fracture indices of coal increase after liquid nitrogen cold soaking. Compared with the fracture spectrum peak proportions of raw coal samples, the fracture spectrum peak proportions of anthracite, bituminous coal, and lignite increase by 8.375%, 12.680%, and 79.939%, respectively after liquid nitrogen cold soaking. By combining the VRA-UNet method for coal fracture identification, the box-counting method is used to calculate that the fractal dimension of coal fractures after liquid nitrogen cold soaking is larger than that of raw coal samples. The research findings of this paper will provide theoretical and technical support for the efficient development of coalbed methane and the improvement of coal seam gas extraction rates.
Journal of Central South University•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s11771-025-6116-y
Waterborne acrylic coatings are widely utilized due to their cost-effectiveness, high transparency, strong resistance to weather and chemicals, impressive mechanical properties, and excellent adhesion to various substrates. In these coatings, a reactive emulsifier containing phosphate groups can be integrated into the molecular chain during polymerization, which enhances the coating's compactness and corrosion resistance. This work focuses on the synthesis of styrene-butyl acrylate (St-BA) latex and methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate (MMA-BA) latex using the reactive phosphate emulsifier ANPEO10-P1 through seed emulsion polymerization, achieving a conversion rate of approximately 99% and a solid content close to 50%. The resulting coatings from St-BA and MMA-BA latexes demonstrated long-term corrosion protection for carbon steel and aluminum alloy due to in-situ phosphatization, effectively preventing flash rust. Notably, the MMA-BA coating exhibited remarkable durability, enduring immersion for up to 1224 h (51 d) on Q235 carbon steel before reaching the failure threshold (|Z|0.01Hz£106 Ω·cm2) on Q235 carbon steel. On 5052 aluminum alloy, the St-BA coating maintained |Z|0.01Hz>108 Ω·cm2 for 480 h (20 d). Furthermore, the corrosion resistance of St-BA and MMA-BA coatings on Q235 steel sheet and 5052 aluminum alloy surpassed that of commercially available MMA-BA and St-BA coatings after immersion in a 3.5 wt% NaCl aqueous solution. This work also delves into the anticorrosion mechanism of MMA-BA and St-BA coatings.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01788-z
Although three-dimensional metal halide perovskites are promising candidates for direct X-ray detection, the ion migration of perovskites seriously affects the detector stability. Herein, face-/edge-shared 3D heterometallic glycinate hybrid perovskitoid Pb2CuGly2X4 (Gly = -O2C-CH2-NH2; X = Cl, Br) single crystals (SCs), in which the adjacent lead halide layers are linked by large-sized Cu(Gly)2 pillars, are synthesized in water. The Cu(Gly)2 pillars in combination with face-/edge-shared inorganic skeleton are found able to synergistically suppress the ion migration, delivering a high ion migration activation energy (Ea) of 1.06 eV. The Pb2CuGly2Cl4 SC X-ray detector displays extremely low dark current drift of 1.20 × 10–9 nA mm−1 s−1 V−1 under high electric field (120 V mm−1) and continuous X-ray irradiation (2.86 Gy), and a high sensitivity of 9,250 μC Gy−1 cm−2 is also achieved. More excitingly, the Pb2CuGly2Cl4 nanocrystal can be easily dispersed in water and directly blade-coated on thin-film transistor (TFT) array substrate, and the obtained Pb2CuGly2Cl4-based TFT array detector offers an X-ray imaging capability with spatial resolution of 2.2 lp mm−1.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01798-x
Creating strongly coupled heterostructures with favorable catalytic activities is crucial for promoting the performance of catalytic reactions, especially those involve multiple intermediates. Herein, we fabricated a strongly coupled platinum/molybdenum nitrides nanocluster heterostructure on nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (Pt/Mo₂N–NrGO) for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction. The well-defined Pt-containing Anderson-type polyoxometalates promote strong interfacial Pt–N–Mo bonding in Pt/Mo2N–NrGO, which exhibits a remarkably low overpotential, high mass activity, and exceptional long-term durability (> 500 h at 1500 mA cm⁻2) in an anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE). Operando Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory reveal that pronounced electronic coupling at the Pt/Mo₂N cluster interface facilitates the catalytic decomposition of H2O through synergistic stabilization of intermediates (Pt–H* and Mo-OH*), thereby enhancing the kinetics of the rate-determining Volmer step. Techno-economic analysis indicates a levelized hydrogen production cost of $2.02 kg⁻1, meeting the US DOE targets. Our strategy presents a viable pathway to designing next-generation catalysts for industrial AEMWE for green hydrogen production.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01718-z
Pressure sensors are essential for a wide range of applications, including health monitoring, industrial diagnostics, etc. However, achieving both high sensitivity and mechanical ability to withstand high pressure in a single material remains a significant challenge. This study introduces a high-performance cellulose hydrogel inspired by the biomimetic layered porous structure of human skin. The hydrogel features a novel design composed of a soft layer with large macropores and a hard layer with small micropores, each of which contribute uniquely to its pressure-sensing capabilities. The macropores in the soft part facilitate significant deformation and charge accumulation, providing exceptional sensitivity to low pressures. In contrast, the microporous structure in the hard part enhances pressure range, ensuring support under high pressures and preventing structural failure. The performance of hydrogel is further optimized through ion introduction, which improves its conductivity, and as well the sensitivity. The sensor demonstrated a high sensitivity of 1622 kPa⁻¹, a detection range up to 160 kPa, excellent conductivity of 4.01 S m⁻¹, rapid response time of 33 ms, and a low detection limit of 1.6 Pa, outperforming most existing cellulose-based sensors. This innovative hierarchically porous architecture not only enhances the pressure-sensing performance but also offers a simple and effective approach for utilizing natural polymers in sensing technologies. The cellulose hydrogel demonstrates significant potential in both health monitoring and industrial applications, providing a sensitive, durable, and versatile solution for pressure sensing.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01707-2
Harnessing solar energy to enhance the rechargeable zinc–air batteries (RZABs) performance is a promising avenue toward sustainable energy storage and conversion. Simultaneously enhancing light-absorption capacity and carrier separation efficiency in nanomaterials, as well as improving electrical conductivity and configuration for electrocatalysis, presents a formidable challenge due to inherent trade-offs and interdependencies. Here, we have developed a Janus dual-atom catalyst (JDAC) with bifunctional centers for efficient charge separation and electrocatalytic performance through a bipolar doping strategy. The in situ X-ray absorption near-edge structure and Raman spectroscopy analyses demonstrated that the Ni and Fe centers in JDAC not only function as effective sites for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction, respectively, but also serve as efficient hole and electron enrichment sites, effectively suppressing photoelectron recombination while enhancing photocurrent generation. As a result, the assembled JDAC-based light-assisted RZABs exhibited extraordinary stability at large current densities. This work delivers pivotal insight to design Janus dual-atom catalysts that efficiently convert solar energy into electric and chemical energy.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01596-x
The growing demands for energy storage systems, electric vehicles, and portable electronics have significantly pushed forward the need for safe and reliable lithium batteries. It is essential to design functional separators with improved mechanical and electrochemical characteristics. This review covers the improved mechanical and electrochemical performances as well as the advancements made in the design of separators utilizing a variety of techniques. In terms of electrolyte wettability and adhesion of the coating materials, we provide an overview of the current status of research on coated separators, in situ modified separators, and grafting modified separators, and elaborate additional performance parameters of interest. The characteristics of inorganics coated separators, organic framework coated separators and inorganic–organic coated separators from different fabrication methods are compared. Future directions regarding new modified materials, manufacturing process, quantitative analysis of adhesion and so on are proposed toward next-generation advanced lithium batteries.
Int. Journal of Mining Science and Technology (采矿与安全工程)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.10.003
Salt deposits in China predominantly originate from lake deposits, characterized by thin salt beds interspersed with numerous interlayers, collectively termed bedded salt formations. Historically, solution mining practices have adopted the layered solution mining approach, inspired by coal mining techniques. However, this approach fails to account for the unique challenges of salt solution mining. Practical implementation is inefficient, costs escalate post-construction, and cavern geometry is constrained by salt bed thickness. Additionally, resource loss in abandoned beds and stability risks in adjacent mining zones remain unresolved. This study investigates mining scheme selection for low-grade salt deposits in Huai'an Salt Basin, introducing a continuous solution mining method that traverses multiple interlayers. Through comprehensive analysis of plastic deformation in caverns and surrounding rock, volume shrinkage rates, and economic costs comparing continuous and layered solution mining approaches, the results demonstrate that: (1) In the layered solution mining with horizontal interconnected wells scheme, plastic deformation zones propagate unevenly, posing interlayer connectivity risks. Concurrently, roof subsidence and floor heave destabilize the structure; (2) the continuous solution mining with horizontal interconnected wells scheme reduces plastic deformation zones to 3.4% of cavern volume, with volumetric shrinkage below 17%, markedly improving stability; (3) Economically, the continuous solution mining scheme generates caverns 2.43 times larger than the layered solution mining, slashing unit volume costs to 41.1% while enhancing resource recovery and long-term viability. The continuous method demonstrates distinct economic advantages and achieves higher resource utilization efficiency in solution mining compared to layered mining. Furthermore, its superior cavern stability presents strong potential for large-scale implementation.
New Carbon Materials (新型炭材料)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(NCM2026-41-02-05)
Due to the inherent limited dielectric loss of carbon materials, their attenuation ability and impedance matching are often unsatisfactory. To overcome these problems, hierarchical structures and combined microwave loss mechanisms have attracted considerable attention in the development of high performance microwave absorbers. In this work, biomass cattail was used as a sustainable precursor to synthesize nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube arrays decorated with Fe3C nanoparticles by chemical vapor deposition. The resulting cattail-derived carbon-based tubular composites (Fe3C@NCNTs/CMTs) feature a unique Fe3C-coated, nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube structure. The influence of crystallinity, tuned by calcination at different temperatures, on microwave absorption was investigated. Remarkably, at 800 °C, Fe3C@NCNTs/CMTs achieved a minimum reflection loss of –35.8 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 7.02 GHz at a thickness of only 1.7 mm, even at an ultralow filler loading of 10%, effectively covering the entire Ku band and part of the X band. The excellent microwave absorption performance is attributed to the combined contribution of increased magnetic loss and multiple dielectric polarization mechanisms. This study shows a promising strategy for designing biomass-derived carbon-based broadband microwave absorbing materials.
New Carbon Materials (新型炭材料)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(NCM2025-40-01-08)
Aqueous zinc metal batteries (ZMBs) which are environmentally benign and cheap can be used for grid-scale energy storage, but have a short cycling life mainly due to the poor reversibility of zinc metal anodes in mild aqueous electrolytes. A zincophilic carbon (ZC) layer was deposited on a Zn metal foil at 450 °C by the up-stream pyrolysis of a hydrogen-bonded supramolecular substance framework, assembled from melamine (ME) and cyanuric acid (CA). The zincophilic groups (C＝O and C＝N) in the ZC layer guide uniform zinc plating/stripping and eliminate dendrites and side reactions. so that assembled symmetrical batteries (ZC@Zn//ZC@Zn) have a long-term service life of 2500 h at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2, which is much longer than that of bare Zn anodes (180 h). In addition, ZC@Zn//V2O5 full batteries have a higher capacity of 174 mAh g−1 after 1200 cycles at 2 A g−1 than a Zn//V2O5 counterpart (100 mAh g−1). The strategy developed for the low-temperature deposition of the ZC layer is a new way to construct advanced zinc metal anodes for ZMBs.
Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China (中国有色金属学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(25)67034-8
A new technology was proposed to produce ammonium paratungstate (APT) from ammonium metatungstate (AMT) solution by adding (NH4)2CO3 or NH4HCO3 in order to reduce energy consumption and subsequent ammonia recovery burden in crystallization step. Specifically, the effects of ammonium source dosage, temperature, reaction time and stirring speed on crystallization yield, crystalline phase and morphology of APT products were systematically investigated. The results showed that crystallization yields under optional conditions with (NH4)2CO3 and NH4HCO3 as ammonium sources could reach 85.4% and 86.9% with particle size (D50) of 358.8 μm and 441.3 μm, respectively. The crystallization mechanism could be identified as H2W12O40^6- first transforming to H2W12O42^6- and finally to H2W12O42^10-, resulting in the APT precipitation by H2W12O42^10- combining with NH4^+. (NH4)6[H6W12O42]·10H2O played as an intermediate in the crystallization, which could also react with ammonium sources to form APT crystals. Compared to NH3·H2O as an ammonium resource, the corresponding maximum crystallization yields under the same optimal conditions were in order of NH4HCO3>(NH4)2CO3>NH3·H2O, while different ammonium sources affect the morphology of crystallization product.
Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China (中国有色金属学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66986-X
The hydrogen reduction kinetics of tungsten trioxide (WO3) was investigated via non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis. Under the local gas–solid reduction conditions, the particle morphology of tungsten powders was found to be consistent with that of raw material WO3. The removal of oxygen from tungsten oxide during hydrogen reduction led to the formation of porous structures between the reduced particles, which were obviously different from the polyhedral single-crystal configuration of tungsten powders obtained via chemical vapor deposition. Moreover, the two-stage hydrogen reduction mechanisms of WO3 under the local gas–solid reduction conditions can be described using the composite autocatalytic function. The activation energies of the first and second stages of the hydrogen reduction of WO3 were determined to be 121 and 135 kJ/mol, respectively.
Int. Journal of Mining Science and Technology (采矿与安全工程)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.02.002
The generalized rheological tests on sandstone were conducted under both dynamic stress and seepage fields. The results demonstrate that the rheological strain of the specimen under increased stress conditions is greater than that under creep conditions, indicating that the dynamic stress field significantly influences the rheological behaviours of sandstone. Following the rheological tests, the number of small pores in the sandstone decreased, while the number of medium-sized pores increased, forming new seepage channels. The high initial rheological stress accelerated fracture compression and the closure of seepage channels, resulting in reduction in the permeability of sandstone. Based on the principles of generalized rheology and the experimental findings, a novel rock rheological constitutive model incorporating both the dynamic stress field and seepage properties has been developed. Numerical simulations of surrounding rock deformation in geotechnical engineering were carried out using a secondary development version of this model, which confirmed the applicability of the generalized rheological numerical simulation method. These results provide theoretical support for the long-term stability evaluation of engineering rock masses and for predicting the deformation of surrounding rock.
Int. Journal of Mining Science and Technology (采矿与安全工程)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.04.007
To investigate the instability mechanisms of heterogeneous geological structures in goaf area roofs, three-point bending tests (TPBT) and numerical simulations are performed on composite coal-rock (CCR). Acoustic emission (AE) monitoring is employed to analyze key parameters, establishing a multi-parameter quantitative system for CCR fracture processes. The impact of lithological homogeneity on fracture evolution and energy migration is examined. Results show that CCR exhibits a three-stage mechanical response: weak contact, strong contact, and post-peak stages, each with distinct crack evolution patterns. A positive correlation is found between lithological homogeneity and tensile crack proportion. No significant correlation is observed between AE average frequency (AF) and AE counts across different lithological CCR; however, peak frequency (PF) displays clear lithology-dependent characteristics. The regulatory effect of the rock homogeneity coefficient (u) on crack derivation mechanisms is quantified, yielding mathematical relationships between fracture strength (f), crack propagation path angle (b), crack fractal dimension (D), and u. The study highlights how different fracture modes alter energy migration pathways, confirming the coupling effect of grain distribution on mechanical response and crack propagation, and the influence of parameter u on critical energy release zones. These findings offer new insights into CCR failure mechanisms for mining safety.
Journal of Semiconductors (半导体学报 - 中国科学院半导体研究所)•2025•DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/25070031
Photonic crystal surface emitting lasers (PCSELs) utilize the Bragg diffraction of two-dimensional photonic crystals to achieve single-mode output with high power and small divergence angle. While GaAs-based PCSELs have demonstrated exceptional performance, GaN-based PCSELs offer shorter emission wavelengths covering visible to deep ultraviolet, enabling applications in material processing, laser illumination, underwater communication, and more. However, their development has been hindered by small refractive index and immature fabrication technologies. In this work, we report regrowth-free GaN-based PCSELs grown on sapphire substrates, achieving room-temperature electrically pumped lasing with a threshold current density of 13.7 kA/cm2. The device structure incorporates a photonic crystal layer etched on the p-side, eliminating the need for p-AlGaN cladding and simplifying fabrication. Through theoretical optimization based on coupled-wave theory, the photonic crystal layer thickness was set to 300 nm, and the lattice constant to 167 nm, targeting a lasing wavelength around 415 nm. The fabricated devices exhibit a dominant lasing peak at 415.1 nm with a full width at half maximum of approximately 1 nm. This demonstration of regrowth-free GaN-based PCSELs provides a cost-effective approach for mass production, advancing the practical application of GaN-based surface-emitting lasers.
Int. Journal of Mining Science and Technology (采矿与安全工程)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.07.001
Renewable energy storage technologies are critical for transitioning to sustainable energy systems, with salt caverns playing a significant role in large-scale solutions. In water-soluble mining of low-grade salt formations, insoluble impurities and interlayers detach during salt dissolution and accumulate as sediment at the cavern base, thereby reducing the storage capacity and economic viability of salt cavern gas storage (SCGS). This study investigates sediment formation mechanisms, void distribution, and voidage in the Huai’an low-grade salt mine, introducing a novel self-developed physical simulation device for two butted-well horizontal (TWH) caverns that replicates compressed air injection and brine discharge. Experiments comparing “one injection and one discharge” and “two injections and one discharge” modes revealed that (1) compressed air effectively displaces brine from sediment voids, (2) a 0.5 MPa injection pressure corresponds to a 10.3 MPa operational lower limit in practice, aligning with field data, and (3) sediment voidage is approximately 46%, validated via air-brine interface theory. The “two injections and one discharge” mode outperformed in both discharge volume and rate. Additionally, a mathematical model for brine displacement via compressed air was established. These results provide foundational insights for optimizing compressed air energy storage (CAES) in low-grade salt mines, advancing their role in renewable energy integration.
Int. Journal of Mining Science and Technology (采矿与安全工程)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.09.002
Marine gas hydrates are highly sensitive to temperature and pressure fluctuations, and deviations from in-situ conditions may cause irreversible changes in phase state, microstructure, and mechanical properties. However, conventional samplers often fail to maintain sealing and thermal stability, resulting in low sampling success rates. To address these challenges, an in-situ temperature- and pressure-preserved sampler for marine applications has been developed. The experimental results indicate that the self-developed magnetically controlled pressure-preserved controller reliably achieves autonomous triggering and self-sealing, provides an initial sealing force of 83 N, and is capable of maintaining pressures up to 40 MPa. Additionally, a custom-designed intelligent temperature control chip and high-precision sensors were integrated into the sampler. Through the design of an optimized heat transfer structure, a temperature-preserved system was developed, achieving no more than a 0.3 °C rise in temperature within 2 h. The performance evaluation and sampling operations of the sampler were conducted at the Haima Cold Seep in the South China Sea, resulting in the successful recovery of hydrate maintained under in-situ pressure of 13.8 MPa and a temperature of 6.5 °C. This advancement enables the acquisition of high-fidelity hydrate samples, providing critical support for the safe exploitation and scientific analysis of marine gas hydrate resources.
Int. Journal of Mining Science and Technology (采矿与安全工程)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.10.003
Salt deposits in China predominantly originate from lake deposits, characterized by thin salt beds interspersed with numerous interlayers, collectively termed bedded salt formations. Historically, the solution mining practices have adopted the layered solution mining approach, inspired by coal mining techniques. However, this approach fails to account for the unique challenges of salt solution mining. Practical implementation is inefficient, costs escalate post-construction, and cavern geometry is constrained by salt beds thickness. Additionally, resource loss in abandoned beds and stability risks in adjacent mining zones remain unresolved. This study investigates mining scheme selection for low-grade salt deposits in Huai’an Salt Basin, introducing a continuous solution mining method that traverses multiple interlayers. Through comprehensive analysis of plastic deformation in caverns and surrounding rock, volume shrinkage rates, and economic costs comparing continuous and layered solution mining approaches, the results demonstrate that: (1) In the layered solution mining with horizontal interconnected wells scheme, plastic deformation zones propagate unevenly, posing interlayer connectivity risks. Concurrently, roof subsidence and floor heave destabilize the structure; (2) the continuous solution mining with horizontal interconnected wells scheme reduces plastic deformation zones to 3.4% of cavern volume, with volumetric shrinkage below 17%, markedly improving stability; (3) Economically, the continuous solution mining scheme generates caverns 2.43 times larger than the layered solution mining, slashing unit volume costs to 41.1% while enhancing resource recovery and long-term viability. The continuous method demonstrates distinct economic advantages and achieves higher resource utilization efficiency in solution mining compared to layered mining. Furthermore, its superior cavern stability presents strong potential for large-scale implementation.
Journal of Central South University•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s11771-025-6141-x
The suspension gap is a critical operational parameter for high-speed maglev trains and significantly impacts their aerodynamic performance. Based on an engineering prototype of the high-temperature superconducting (HTS) pinning maglev train, this study established a detailed three-dimensional model, and then the aerodynamic characteristics of the HTS maglev train at 600 km/h with suspension gaps of 10 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm were simulated based on the improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES) turbulence model and SST k- ω two-equation. The results demonstrated that the underbody design of the HTS maglev train leads to unique aerodynamic drag and aerothermal distribution phenomena. The head car experiences the smallest drag, while the tail car experiences the largest. The aerothermal temperature on the train's bottom surface progressively increases from the head to the tail. Additionally, the U-shaped track significantly constrains the flow around the train body, forming strong vortex structures. As the suspension gap increases from 10 mm to 30 mm, the airflow velocity in the train-track gap rises, reducing the underbody pressure and decreasing the lift of the head car by 12.43%. The drag of the head car increases by 10.98%, primarily due to changes in pressure drag. Additionally, the temperature at the underbody of the tail car rises further due to significant airflow deceleration. These findings provide valuable insights for advancing the engineering design and application of the high-speed HTS maglev technology.
Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering•2025•DOI: 10.1186/s10033-025-01216-8
This paper tackles uncertainties between planning and actual models. It extends the concept of RCI (robust control invariant) tubes, originally a parameterized representation of closed-loop control robustness in traditional feedback control, to the domain of motion planning for autonomous vehicles. Thus, closed-loop system uncertainty can be preemptively addressed during vehicle motion planning. This involves selecting collision-free trajectories to minimize the volume of robust invariant tubes. Furthermore, constraints on state and control variables are translated into constraints on the RCI tubes of the closed-loop system, ensuring that motion planning produces a safe and optimal trajectory while maintaining flexibility, rather than solely optimizing for the open-loop nominal model. Additionally, to expedite the solving process, we were inspired by L2 gain to parameterize the RCI tubes and developed a parameterized explicit iterative expression for propagating ellipsoidal uncertainty sets within closed-loop systems. Furthermore, we applied the pseudospectral orthogonal collocation method to parameterize the optimization problem of transcribing trajectories using high-order Lagrangian polynomials. Finally, under various operating conditions, we incorporate both the kinematic and dynamic models of the vehicle and also conduct simulations and analyses of uncertainties such as heading angle measurement, chassis response, and steering hysteresis. Our proposed robust motion planning framework has been validated to effectively address nearly all bounded uncertainties while anticipating potential tracking errors in control during the planning phase. This ensures fast, closed-loop safety and robustness in vehicle motion planning.
Journal of Central South University•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s11771-025-6099-8
Potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) are rising as a noteworthy contender to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), particularly for large-scale applications, driven by the natural abundance and cost-effectiveness of potassium resource. Yet, lacking anodes which can reversibly accommodate the larger K+ currently poses a critical development hurdle, highlighting an urgent need for innovative solutions. Herein, porous ZnO-SnO2-graphene-carbon (ZTO-G-C) nanofibers are presented, featuring amorphous SnO2 and ZnO nanoparticles homogeneously dispersed within a carbon matrix, with the strategic graphene incorporation for enhanced performance. Employing an adjustable and straightforward electrospinning method, the nanofibers were crafted to achieve a stable fibrous architecture. When evaluated as KIB anodes, the ZTO-G-C nanofibers demonstrated remarkable cycling stability (retaining 230.82 mA·h/g over 100 cycles at 100 mA/g), and rate capability (184.78 mA·h/g at 1 A/g). This outstanding performance is due to the synergistic interaction among all active components, collectively enhancing the structural stability against volume expansion during K+ intercalation, facilitating efficient charge transport, and delivering exceptional cyclability, capacity, and rate performance. Moreover, the intrinsic pseudocapacitive behavior stemming from the porous carbon substrate of ZTO-G-C further boosts its overall K-storage capacity. It is anticipated that the insights gained from this study offer fresh perspectives for developing next-generation high-performance KIB anodes.
Journal of Central South University•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s11771-025-6072-6
When the interface of a multilayered saturated soil is rough with noticeable gaps, heat flow lines converge towards the actual contact points, causing thermal flow contraction. Conversely, in the interface between two layers of soil with different properties, pore water flows slowly along the pore channels, demonstrating laminar flow phenomenon. To predict the thermal contact resistance and flow contact resistance at the interface, this paper constructs general imperfect thermal contact model and general imperfect flow contact model, respectively. Utilizing a thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling model, the thermal consolidation behavior of multilayered saturated soil under two-dimensional conditions is investigated. Fourier and Laplace transformations are applied to decouple the governing equations, yielding expressions for the temperature increment, pore water pressure, and displacement in multilayered saturated soil. The inverse Fourier-Laplace transformation is then used to obtain numerical solutions, which are compared with degeneration solutions to validate the computational accuracy. The differences in the thermal consolidation process under various thermal contact and flow contact resistance models are discussed. Furthermore, the impact of parameters such as the thermal resistance coefficient, partition thermal contact coefficient, flow contact resistance coefficient, and partition flow contact coefficient on thermal consolidation are investigated. Results indicate that thermal contact resistance creates a relative thermal gradient at the interface, leading to increased pore water pressure and reduced displacement nearby. In contrast, flow contact resistance generates a relative pore pressure gradient at the interface, resulting in increased displacement within the saturated soil with minimal effect on temperature increment distribution.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-025-3226-3
The development of highly active, durable, and low-cost electrocatalysts is crucial for electrocatalytic hydrogen production. Ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have extremely large specific surface areas, making them highly desirable electrocatalyst morphologies. Medium-entropy alloys (MEAs) exhibit compositional tunability and entropy-driven structural stability, making them ideal electrocatalyst candidates. In this study, MoCoNi MEA with ultrathin 2D morphology was successfully developed using a facile ionic layer epitaxial method. The ultrathin 2D MoCoNi MEA showed an excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalytic performance, with a low overpotential of 167 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 and small Tafel slope of 33.2 mV/dec. At the overpotential of 167 mV, the ultrathin 2D MoCoNi MEA exhibited ultrahigh mass activity of 3359.6 A/g, which is three orders of magnitude higher than that of the commercial noble metal oxide RuO2 (1.15 A/g). This excellent electrocatalytic performance was attributed to the synergy of multiple active metal-induced medium entropies, as well as the ultrathin thickness, which considerably shortened the charge-transfer distance and thus significantly promoted charge transfer. Owing to the natural entropy-stabilizing effect, the ultrathin 2D MoCoNi MEA maintained 90% of the initial current after a continuous OER electrocatalytic test for 134 h, showing impressive electrocatalytic stability. This study opens new avenues for the development of high-performance and low-cost electrocatalyst materials by creating MEAs with ultrathin 2D morphology.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-025-3111-0
Micrometer-sized, irregularly shaped Ti particles (0.5wt% and 1.0wt%) were mixed with an Al–Si–Mg–Zr matrix powder, and a novel Ti-modified Al–Si–Mg–Zr aluminum alloy was subsequently fabricated via laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF). The results demonstrated that the introduction of Ti particles promoted the formation of near-fully equiaxed grains in the alloy owing to the strong grain refinement of the primary (Al,Si)3(Ti,Zr) nanoparticles. Furthermore, the presence of (Al,Si)3(Ti,Zr) nanoparticles inhibited the decomposition of Si-rich cell boundaries and the precipitation of Si nanoparticles in the α-Al cells. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS), and elongation of the as-built 0.5wt% Ti (0.5Ti) alloy were (468 ± 11), (350 ± 1) MPa, and (10.0 ± 1.4)%, respectively, which are comparable to those of the L-PBF Al−Si−Mg−Zr matrix alloy and significantly higher than those of traditional L-PBF Al−Si−Mg alloys. After direct aging treatment at 150°C, the precipitation of secondary nanoparticles notably enhanced the strength of the 0.5Ti alloy. Specifically, the 0.5Ti alloy achieved a maximum UTS of (479 ± 11) MPa and YS of (376 ± 10) MPa. At 250°C, the YS of the L-PBF Ti/Al−Si−Mg−Zr alloy was higher than that of the L-PBF Al−Si−Mg−Zr matrix alloy due to the retention of Si-rich cell boundaries, indicating a higher thermal stability. As the aging temperature was increased to 300°C, the dissolution of Si-rich cell boundaries, desolvation of solid-solution elements, and coarsening of nanoprecipitates led to a decrease in the UTS and YS of the alloy to below 300 and 200 MPa, respectively. However, the elongation increased significantly.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-025-3208-5
The rapid development of novel energy materials has led to a sustained surge in the global demand for fluorine. Fluorite is the primary source of fluorine globally and is increasingly being exploited. The estimated annual production of fluorite worldwide is approximately 8 million tons, with an additional 5 million tons of fluorite tailings. This accumulation not only consumes land resources, but also contributes to dust generation and F– percolation, leading to water and air contamination. This paper comprehensively reviews the utilization methods of fluorite tailings, including the flotation recovery of quartz and fluorite, the preparation of cement mineralizing agents, and the preparation of concrete mineral additives, autoclaved lime sand brick, and glass-ceramics. Furthermore, potential future applications and research directions are proposed, including the comprehensive recovery of valuable minerals, auxiliary cementitious materials preparation, and the functionalization of glass-ceramics. This study can serve as a reference for expediting the utilization of fluorite tailings, promoting the development of tailing-free mines, and establishing sustainable development strategies.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-025-3191-x
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on α-phase FAPbI3 (α-FAPbI3) microcrystals precursor outperform those with δ-phase microcrystals due to their superior crystallinity and fewer defects, making α-phase microcrystals precursor more advantageous for high-performance PSCs. However, most reported synthesis methods of perovskite microcrystals, especially for aqueous synthesis, fail to reach the energy threshold required for α-phase transformation and therefore exhibit the δ phase. In this study, we introduce a novel aqueous synthesis method to fabricate α-FAPbI3 microcrystals. Our approach overcomes the energy barrier by properly heating the reaction system, enabling the direct formation of α-FAPbI3 in water. This direct one-step aqueous synthesis route yields α-FAPbI3 microcrystals with superior phase purity, crystallinity, and minimal defect density. Combined with green anti-solvent, the high-quality α-FAPbI3 microcrystals serving as exceptional precursors endow perovskite films with reduced nonradiative recombination. The PSC achieves a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.43%, which is one of the highest PCE reports for using the green anti-solvent in ambient air condition. This aqueous synthesis approach shows a significant potential for scalable production of high-performance PSCs.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-024-3072-8
The escalating production of industrial solid waste, combined with the dwindling availability of natural resources, has intensified the focus on waste recycling. However, the heterogeneity and complexity of waste pose significant challenges to determining process parameters. In this study, burnt coal cinder (BCC), granite powder (GP), and high-calcium fly ash (Class-C FA) were used as raw materials, and the response surface methodology (RSM) and single-factor experiments were applied to optimize the process parameters for geopolymer preparation. The optimized precursor powder composition was determined to be a mass ratio of 1.6:0.9:7.3 for BCC, GP, and Class-C FA. The NaOH-precursor powder ratio and liquid–solid ratio were adjusted to 0.084 and 0.222, respectively. The curing condition was set at 80°C for 24 h. The resulting 28 d-aged multi-solid wastes-based geopolymer exhibited a high compressive strength of 61.34 MPa. The microstructure, mineral phase, and atomic bonding of geopolymers were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (TA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Findings indicate that the compressive strength of geopolymer is most significantly influenced by the Class-C FA, followed by BCC. Furthermore, a minor addition of GP can optimize the structural density of the geopolymer. The Ca present in the Class-C FA participates in the geopolymerization, forming a hybrid N–(C)–A–S–H gel. RSM optimization facilitates the synergistic utilization of multi-solid wastes, ensuring an even distribution of gel and filler. This research establishes a theoretical framework for optimizing the preparation parameters of multi-solid wastes-based geopolymer and its subsequent applications; it holds significant scientific implications for the circular economy, resource transformation, and environmental conservation.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-024-2976-7
Bioleaching is confronted with problems, such as low efficiency, long production cycle length, and vegetation destruction. In order to solve problems above, fly ash and low-grade copper sulfide ores were used to investigate bioleaching behaviors and bacterial community succession. Results showed that copper recovery, bacterial concentration, total proportion of main leaching bacteria including Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Acidibacillus ferrooxidans, and Leptospirillum ferriphilum, were improved through using appropriate dosage of fly ash. The maximum copper recovery of 79.87% and bacterial concentration of 7.08 × 107 cells·mL−1 were obtained after using 0.8 g·L−1 fly ash. Exclusive precipitation including Zn(Fe3(SO4)2(OH)6)2 and Mg(Fe3(SO4)2(OH)6)2 was found in sample added 0.8 g·L−1 fly ash, which reduced the effect of hazardous ions on bacteria and thus contributing to bacterial proliferation. Bacterial community structure was differentiated, which indicated difference between original inoculation and sample used 0.8 g·L−1 fly ash was less than others. Total proportion of the three microorganism above accounted for more than 95% in all tests, especially in sample with 0.8 g·L−1 fly ash up to 99.81%. Cl− and Ag+ contained in fly ash can act as catalytic agent, which contributed to conversion from smooth and dense passivation layer to sparse and scattered one, and therefore improving contact between ores, lixiviant, and bacteria. Using appropriate dosage of fly ash showed prospects in bioleaching.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-024-3047-9
Low- to medium-maturity oil shale resources display substantial reserves, offering promising prospects for in-situ conversion in China. Investigating the evolution of the mechanical properties of the reservoir and caprock under in-situ high-temperature and confinement conditions is of considerable importance. Compared to conventional mechanical experiments on rock samples after high-temperature treatment, in-situ high-temperature experiments can more accurately characterize the behavior of rocks in practical engineering, thereby providing a more realistic reflection of their mechanical properties. In this study, an in-situ high-temperature triaxial compression testing machine is developed to conduct in-situ compression tests on sandstone at different temperatures (25, 200, 400, 500, and 650°C) and confining pressures (0, 10, and 20 MPa). Based on the experimental results, the temperature-dependent changes in compressive strength, peak strain, elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, cohesion, and internal friction angle are thoroughly analyzed and discussed. Results indicate that the mass of sandstone gradually decreases as the temperature increases. The thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of sandstone exhibit a linear relationship with temperature. Peak stress decreases as the temperature rises, while it increases with higher confining pressures. Notably, the influence of confining pressure on peak stress diminishes at higher temperatures. Additionally, as the temperature rises, the Poisson’s ratio of sandstone decreases. The internal friction angle also decreases with increasing temperature, with 400°C acting as the threshold temperature. Interestingly, under uniaxial conditions, the damage stress of sandstone is less affected by temperature. However, when the confining pressure is 10 or 20 MPa, the damage stress decreases as the temperature increases. This study enhances our understanding of the influence of in-situ high-temperature and confinement conditions on the mechanical properties of sandstone strata. The study also provides valuable references and experimental data that support the development of low- to medium-maturity oil shale resources.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-024-2938-0
Gels and conductive polymer composites, including hydrogen bonds (HBs), have emerged as promising materials for electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption across various applications. However, the relationship between conduction loss in EMW-absorbing materials and charge transfer in HB remains to be fully understood. In this study, we developed a series of deep eutectic gels to fine-tune the quantity of HB by adjusting the molar ratio of choline chloride (ChCl) and ethylene glycol (EG). Owing to the unique properties of deep eutectic gels, the effects of magnetic loss and polarization loss on EMW attenuation can be disregarded. Our results indicate that the quantity of HB initially increases and then decreases with the introduction of EG, with HB-induced conductive loss following similar patterns. At a ChCl and EG molar ratio of 2.4, the gel labeled G22-CE2.4 exhibited the best EMW absorption performance, characterized by an effective absorption bandwidth of 8.50 GHz and a thickness of 2.54 mm. This superior performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of excellent conductive loss and impedance matching generated by the optimal number of HB. This work elucidates the role of HB in dielectric loss for the first time and provides valuable insights into the optimal design of supramolecular polymer absorbers.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-024-2896-6
During the continuous casting process of high-Mn high-Al steels, various types of gases such as Ar need to escape through the top of the mold. In which, the behavior of bubbles traversing the liquid slag serves as a restrictive link, closely associated with viscosity and the thickness of liquid slag. In contrast to two-dimensional surface observation, three-dimensional (3D) analysis method can offer a more intuitive, accurate, and comprehensive information. Therefore, this study employs a 3D X-ray microscope (3D-XRM) to obtained spatial distribution and 3D morphological characteristics of residual bubbles in mold flux under different basicity of liquid slag, different temperatures, and different holding times. The results indicate that as basicity of slag increases from 0.52 to 1.03, temperature increases from 1423 to 1573 K, the viscosity of slag decreases, the floating rate of bubbles increases. In addition, when holding time increases from 10 to 30 s, the bubbles floating distance increases, and the volume fraction and average equivalent sphere diameter of the bubbles solidified in the mold flux gradually decreases. In one word, increasing the basicity, temperature, and holding time leading to an increase in the removal rate of bubbles especially for the large. These findings of bubbles escape behavior provide valuable insights into optimizing low basicity mold flux for high-Mn high-Al steels.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01576-1
Trap-assisted charge recombination is one of the primary limitations of restricting the performance of organic solar cells. However, effectively reducing the presence of traps in the photoactive layer remains challenging. Herein, wide bandgap polymer donor PTzBI-dF is demonstrated as an effective modulator for enhancing the crystallinity of the bulk heterojunction active layers composed of D18 derivatives blended with Y6, leading to dense and ordered molecular packings, and thus, improves photoluminescence quenching properties. As a result, the photovoltaic devices exhibit reduced trap-assisted charge recombination losses, achieving an optimized power conversion efficiency of over 19%. Besides the efficiency enhancement, the devices comprised of PTzBI-dF as a third component simultaneously attain decreased current leakage, improved charge carrier mobilities, and suppressed bimolecular charge recombination, leading to reduced energy losses. The advanced crystalline structures induced by PTzBI-dF and its characteristics, such as well-aligned energy level, and complementary absorption spectra, are ascribed to the promising performance improvements. Our findings suggest that donor phase engineering is a feasible approach to tuning the molecular packings in the active layer, providing guidelines for designing effective morphology modulators for high-performance organic solar cells.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01512-3
With the rapid development of flexible wearable electronics, the demand for stretchable energy storage devices has surged. In this work, a novel gradient-layered architecture was design based on single-pore hollow lignin nanospheres (HLNPs)-intercalated two-dimensional transition metal carbide (Ti3C2Tx MXene) for fabricating highly stretchable and durable supercapacitors. By depositing and inserting HLNPs in the MXene layers with a bottom-up decreasing gradient, a multilayered porous MXene structure with smooth ion channels was constructed by reducing the overstacking of MXene lamella. Moreover, the micro-chamber architecture of thin-walled lignin nanospheres effectively extended the contact area between lignin and MXene to improve ion and electron accessibility, thus better utilizing the pseudocapacitive property of lignin. All these strategies effectively enhanced the capacitive performance of the electrodes. In addition, HLNPs, which acted as a protective phase for MXene layer, enhanced mechanical properties of the wrinkled stretchable electrodes by releasing stress through slip and deformation during the stretch-release cycling and greatly improved the structural integrity and capacitive stability of the electrodes. Flexible electrodes and symmetric flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors capable of enduring 600% uniaxial tensile strain were developed with high specific capacitances of 1273 mF cm−2 (241 F g−1) and 514 mF cm−2 (95 F g−1), respectively. Moreover, their capacitances were well preserved after 1000 times of 600% stretch-release cycling. This study showcased new possibilities of incorporating biobased lignin nanospheres in energy storage devices to fabricate stretchable devices leveraging synergies among various two-dimensional nanomaterials.