An interfacial contact model for two-dimensional thermal consolidation of multilayered saturated soils subjected to ramp-type heating

• A general imperfect thermal contact model and a general imperfect flow contact model are developed to capture interfacial resistance in multilayered saturated soils. • Thermal contact resistance induces a relative thermal gradient at the interface, increasing pore water pressure and reducing displacement near the interface. • Flow contact resistance generates a relative pore pressure gradient, enhancing displacement in the saturated soil while having minimal impact on temperature distribution. • The proposed analytical solutions, validated against degeneration solutions, provide a robust tool for predicting thermal consolidation behavior under ramp-type heating.