Opto-Electronic Advances (光电进展)•2026•DOI: 10.29026/oea.2026.250260
Hybrid plasmonic metasurfaces have emerged as a pivotal platform for enhancing photodetection across multiple bands, yet their practical deployment is constrained by narrow operational bandwidth and high dark current. This study presents a comprehensive experimental investigation of a hybrid plasmonic metasurface photodetector that achieves a peak responsivity of 0.45 A/W at 1550 nm and a specific detectivity of 1.2 × 10^11 Jones, with a dark current density of 2.5 nA/cm² at room temperature. The device exhibits a broad spectral response from 400 nm to 1700 nm, with an external quantum efficiency exceeding 60% at 1300 nm. The metasurface, composed of gold nanodisks on a silicon-on-insulator substrate, leverages localized surface plasmon resonance to enhance light absorption and hot-carrier generation. Experimental results demonstrate a 3 dB bandwidth of 10 GHz and a rise time of 35 ps, enabling high-speed operation. The photodetector maintains stable performance over 1000 hours of continuous operation, with a degradation rate of less than 5%. These findings establish a viable route for multi-band, high-sensitivity photodetection in optical communication and imaging systems.
Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials (含能材料)•2026•DOI: 10.11943/CJEM2026036
To address the issue that resin matrices in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites cannot participate in explosive energy release when used in warhead casings, an epoxy resin cured compound with both high mechanical properties and high energy-release characteristics was prepared by introducing more easily pyrolyzable polyether segments and fluoropolymer-coated nano-aluminum powder into a high-rigidity epoxy cured compound. The crosslinked network structure, mechanical properties, thermal decomposition characteristics, ignition and combustion characteristics, and energy-release performance were characterized using infrared spectroscopy, quasi-static mechanical testing, TG-DSC, laser ignition testing, and closed bomb testing. Results show that the cured compound has a well-formed crosslinked network, a tensile strength of 72.41 MPa, an initial thermal decomposition temperature of approximately 273 °C, a minimum ignition energy reduced to 1.77 J, a maximum pressure rise rate of 0.407 MPa·ms⁻¹, and a peak pressure increased to 5.935 MPa in closed bomb tests. The introduction of polyether segments and fluoropolymer-coated nano-aluminum enhances the energy release rate and total energy release, making the material a potential resin matrix for CFRP-based reactive structural materials.
Journal of Inorganic Materials (无机材料学报)•2026•DOI: 10.15541/jim20260018
Ag2S0.4Te0.6 is an inorganic semiconductor with favorable ductility and thermoelectric performance, showing potential for applications in wearable electronics. Recent studies have indicated that optimization of preparation processes, such as annealing, can significantly enhance the ductility of the material, which is closely related to its phase composition and crystal structure. In this work, high-resolution synchrotron radiation powder X-ray diffraction data of the Ag2S0.4Te0.6 powder sample before and after annealing were collected over a temperature range of 110–700 K. By combining Rietveld structural refinement, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and atomic pair distribution function analysis, the influence of the annealing process on the phase composition and structural evolution behavior of the powder samples was investigated in detail. The results show that the pristine Ag2S0.4Te0.6 powder is predominantly amorphous, containing only a small amount of poorly crystalline monoclinic phase. During heating, the material gradually crystallizes, first forming a monoclinic phase, which subsequently transforms into mixed body-centered cubic (bcc) and face-centered cubic (fcc) phases. After cooling back to room temperature, the sample remains in a mixed state of bcc-dominated cubic crystallinity and amorphous phase. In contrast, the annealed powder sample already exhibits a mixed cubic crystalline/amorphous state at room temperature, and no obvious phase transition behavior is observed during heating. Moreover, the thermoelectric properties of Ag2S0.4Te0.6 bulk sample remain largely unaffected by the annealing process. This study provides structural insights for further understanding the annealing-induced improvement in ductility.
Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Science) (上海交通大学学报)•2026•DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2026.105
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have emerged as a transformative technology enabling direct communication between the brain and external devices, offering unprecedented opportunities for restoring motor function in paralyzed individuals and enhancing human-computer interaction. This comprehensive review synthesizes recent advances in BCI technology, focusing on neural signal acquisition, signal processing algorithms, and diverse applications. We systematically analyze invasive and non-invasive recording modalities, including electroencephalography (EEG), electrocorticography (ECoG), and intracortical microelectrode arrays, highlighting their respective advantages and limitations. The review delves into state-of-the-art signal processing techniques, such as adaptive filtering, common spatial patterns, and deep learning-based classification, which have significantly improved the accuracy and reliability of BCI systems. Furthermore, we explore the expanding landscape of BCI applications, ranging from assistive communication and motor rehabilitation to cognitive enhancement and neurofeedback therapy. Critical challenges, including signal non-stationarity, user variability, and long-term stability, are discussed alongside emerging solutions such as hybrid BCI architectures and closed-loop adaptive systems. By integrating findings from recent studies and clinical trials, this review provides a forward-looking perspective on the future of BCI technology, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and translational research to bridge the gap between laboratory innovations and real-world clinical adoption. Our analysis underscores the potential of BCIs to revolutionize neurorehabilitation and human augmentation, while also addressing ethical and societal implications. This comprehensive overview serves as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and engineers seeking to understand the current state and future directions of brain-computer interface technology.
Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Science) (上海交通大学学报)•2026•DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2026.058
Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has revolutionized surgical practice by reducing patient trauma and recovery time. However, current robotic systems face limitations in dexterity, haptic feedback, and autonomous decision-making, particularly in complex anatomical environments. This paper presents a novel multi-scale robotic system designed to enhance surgical precision and autonomy. The system integrates a macro-scale robotic arm with a micro-scale continuum manipulator, enabling precise manipulation across different scales. A hierarchical control architecture combines model-based and learning-based approaches to achieve adaptive motion planning and real-time obstacle avoidance. The system also incorporates a multi-modal sensing framework that fuses visual, force, and proximity data to provide comprehensive situational awareness. Experimental validation in phantom and ex-vivo models demonstrates significant improvements in task completion time, accuracy, and consistency compared to conventional techniques. The system successfully performed complex tasks such as suturing and tissue dissection with reduced error rates. The results indicate that the proposed system can effectively enhance surgical performance, paving the way for more autonomous and intelligent surgical robots. Future work will focus on in-vivo trials and integration with augmented reality interfaces.
Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Science) (上海交通大学学报)•2026•DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2026.066
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy with a complex tumor microenvironment (TME) that profoundly influences disease progression and therapeutic response. In this study, we performed an integrated multi-omics analysis of HCC using transcriptomic, genomic, and epigenetic data from public databases and our own cohort. We characterized the immune cell infiltration patterns and identified distinct TME subtypes associated with differential prognosis and immunotherapy outcomes. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and machine learning, we constructed a prognostic signature based on TME-related genes, which robustly predicted overall survival in multiple independent cohorts. Furthermore, we explored the interplay between TME, somatic mutations, and copy number variations, revealing potential biomarkers for immune checkpoint blockade. Our findings highlight the clinical significance of TME heterogeneity in HCC and provide a foundation for personalized treatment strategies. The prognostic model and immune-related biomarkers may facilitate risk stratification and guide immunotherapeutic decisions in HCC patients.
Journal of Semiconductors (半导体学报 - 中国科学院半导体研究所)•2026•DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/25060031
Aluminum scandium nitride (AlScN) has emerged as a III-nitride semiconductor with exceptional piezoelectric, ferroelectric, and thermal properties, enabling advanced micro/nano devices. This review systematically examines the crystal structure, property modulation mechanisms, and micro/nano fabrication technologies of AlScN, including deposition, etching, and device integration. Key material metrics are consolidated: Sc doping at 40% raises the piezoelectric coefficient d33 from 5 to 30 pC/N and the electromechanical coupling coefficient Kt2 from 7% to 25%, while remnant polarization exceeds 100 μC/cm². The wide bandgap (up to 6.2 eV), high thermal conductivity (~140 W/(m·K)), and high breakdown voltage (>10 MV/cm) underpin applications in MEMS, RF communications, energy conversion, optoelectronics, and sensors. Compositional engineering (20–40% Sc, co-doping with Mg or Yb), process optimization (low stress <500 MPa, FWHM <1.5°), and interface design (AlScN/GaN, AlScN/SiC) are critical for balancing piezoelectric performance and structural stability. Fabrication advances include low-stress (<200 MPa) high-Sc films via magnetron sputtering and 8-inch wafer-scale AlScN with thickness nonuniformity below ±3%. Device demonstrations span 33.7 GHz surface acoustic wave transducers, post-CMOS compatible ferroelectric field-effect transistors, high figure-of-merit Lamb wave resonators, pyroelectric infrared detectors, and ferroelectric RAM. Despite progress, challenges in phase separation, etching anisotropy, and integration scalability persist, necessitating further research into co-doping strategies, low-damage patterning, and heterogeneous integration.
Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Science) (上海交通大学学报)•2026•DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2026.105
Brain tumor segmentation from multimodal MRI is crucial for diagnosis and treatment planning. In this study, we propose a novel deep learning framework that integrates structural and functional imaging modalities to improve segmentation accuracy. Our method employs a multi-scale attention mechanism and a hybrid loss function to handle class imbalance and boundary ambiguity. Evaluated on the BraTS benchmark, our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance, with Dice scores of 0.91, 0.87, and 0.84 for whole tumor, core, and enhancing tumor, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate the generalizability of our model across different scanners and protocols. Our findings suggest that the proposed method can significantly aid clinical decision-making and surgical planning.
Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Science) (上海交通大学学报)•2026•DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2026.058
This paper presents a novel multi-scale robotic system designed for autonomous surgical intervention in dynamic environments. The system integrates advanced perception, planning, and control algorithms to enable precise manipulation in minimally invasive procedures. Key contributions include a hierarchical control architecture, real-time adaptive trajectory planning, and a robust force feedback mechanism. Experimental validation in simulated and in-vivo settings demonstrates significant improvements in accuracy, safety, and operational efficiency compared to conventional methods. The proposed framework addresses critical challenges in surgical robotics, paving the way for broader clinical adoption.
Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Science) (上海交通大学学报)•2026•DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2026.066
Background: Digital twin technology has emerged as a promising tool in precision oncology, yet its clinical utility remains underexplored. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study integrating multi-omics data (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) from 1,200 cancer patients to construct digital twin models. Results: The digital twin models accurately predicted treatment responses (AUC=0.89) and identified novel biomarkers for early detection. Integration of multi-omics improved prognostic accuracy by 23% compared to single-omics approaches. Conclusions: Digital twin technology, when integrated with multi-omics data, significantly enhances precision oncology by enabling personalized treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes.
China Foundry•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s41230-026-5206-2
A novel cast stainless steel featuring a multiphase microstructure and a nominal composition of Fe-13.5Cr-2.6Si-6.9Ni-1.1Cu-1.1Mn-1.0Mo-0.35Al-0.025C (wt.%) was investigated. Following solution treatment at 1,050 °C and water quenching, the specimens were subjected to further tempering at 570 °C, 610 °C, and 650 °C to explore the effects of critical tempering on microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance. Various characterization techniques were employed to examine the phase distribution within the microstructure, with particular attention given to the content and morphology of reverted austenite. Tensile and corrosion tests were carried out to evaluate the performance of the specimens. The results reveal that critical tempering significantly enhances the mechanical properties, with the specimen tempered at 610 °C achieving the highest product of strength and elongation (PSE=23.6 GPa·%), whereas corrosion resistance deteriorates with increasing tempering temperature. Calculations of the martensite start temperature (Ms) and stacking fault energy (γSFE) for the reversed austenite in different specimens indicate that the stability of reversed austenite strongly influences mechanical behavior through the TRIP and TWIP effects. However, tempering-induced Cr segregation at ferrite/martensite interfaces and the formation of Cr-depleted zones become more pronounced at higher tempering temperatures, leading to a degradation in corrosion resistance. Furthermore, multiphase coordinated deformation improves the strength-ductility balance, while corrosion tends to initiate at chemically inhomogeneous phase boundaries.
Nano-Micro Letters•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-02010-w
Two-step-processed (TSP) inverted p-i-n perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated significant promise in tandem applications. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of TSP p-i-n PSCs rarely exceeds 24%. Here, we demonstrate that TSP perovskite films exhibit a vertically gradient distribution of residual PbI2 clusters, which form Schottky heterojunctions with the perovskite, leading to substantial interfacial energy-level mismatches within NiOx-based TSP p-i-n PSCs. These limitations were effectively addressed via a vertical interfacial engineering enabled by dual-interface modification incorporating tin trifluoromethanesulfonate (Sn(OTF)2) and 4-Fluorophenylethylamine chloride (F-PEA) at the NiOx/perovskite and perovskite/C60 interfaces, respectively. The functional Sn(OTF)2 not only enhances the conductivity of NiOx films but also suppresses ion migration, while inducing the formation of a Pb-Sn mixed perovskite interlayer that precisely regulates the energy level at the NiOx/perovskite interface. Complementally, F-PEA post-treatment effectively converts surface residual PbI2 clusters into a 2D perovskite capping layer, which simultaneously passivates surface defects and enhances energy-level alignment at the perovskite/C60 interface. Consequently, the optimized NiOx-based TSP p-i-n PSCs achieve a notable PCE of 25.6% with superior operational stability. This study elucidates the underlying mechanisms limiting the efficiency of TSP p-i-n PSCs, while establishing design principles for these devices targeting 26% efficiency.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01820-2
Developing innovative resource utilization strategies to achieve sustainable recycling of waste-to-fuel is highly desirable, yet the design of cost-effective bifunctional catalysts with dual high-efficiency remains unexplored. While the Fenton-like reaction relies on enhancing peroxymonosulfate (PMS) adsorption and accelerating interfacial electron transfer to improve kinetic rates, CO2 reduction is constrained by sluggish kinetics and competing hydrogen evolution reaction. Herein, we construct a bifunctional catalyst (NiFe-BNC) featuring dual-atomic active sites by introducing boron atoms into a biomass-derived chitosan substrate rich in functional groups, which optimizes atomic coordination environments. In situ experiments and density functional theory calculations reveal that B-atom modulation facilitates carbon substrate defect enrichment, while the charge-tuning effect between metal sites and "boron electron bridge" optimizes PMS adsorption configurations. This synergistic effect facilitates the interfacial electron transfer and enhances the CO2 adsorption capacity of NiFe-BNC by 6 times that of NiFe-NC. The obtained NiFe-BNC exhibits significantly enhanced catalytic activity and selectivity, realizing 99% efficient degradation of volatile organic pollutants in the flowing phase within 2 h and stable mineralization exceeding 60%, while achieving a large current density of 1000 mA cm−2 and CO Faraday efficiency of 98% in the flow electrolytic cell. This work innovatively paves a new way for the rational design of cost-effective functional catalysts to achieve carbon cycle utilization.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01808-y
Micro-silicon (Si) anode that features high theoretical capacity and fine tap density is ideal for energy-dense lithium-ion batteries. However, the substantial localized mechanical strain caused by the large volume expansion often results in electrode disintegration and capacity loss. Herein, a microporous Si anode with the SiOx/C layer functionalized all-surface and high tap density (~0.65 g cm⁻3) is developed by the hydrolysis-driven strategy that avoids the common use of corrosive etchants and toxic siloxane reagents. The functionalized inner pore with superior structural stability can effectively alleviate the volume change and enhance the electrolyte contact. Simultaneously, the outer particle surface forms a continuous network that prevents electrolyte parasitic decomposition, disperses the interface stress of Si matrix and facilitates electron/ion transport. As a result, the micron-sized Si anode shows only ~9.94 GPa average stress at full lithiation state and delivers an impressive capacity of 901.1 mAh g⁻1 after 500 cycles at 1 A g⁻1. It also performs excellent rate performance of 1123.0 mAh g⁻1 at 5 A g⁻1 and 850.4 at 8 A g⁻1, far exceeding most of reported literatures. Furthermore, when paired with a commercial LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2, the pouch cell demonstrates high capacity and desirable cyclic performance.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01790-5
Low ionic conductivity is a major obstacle for polymer solid-state electrolytes. In response to this issue, a design concept of enhanced regional electric potential difference (EREPD) is proposed to modulate the interaction of nanofillers with other components in the composite polymer solid-state electrolytes (CPSEs). While ensuring the periodic structure of the graphdiyne (GDY) backbone, methoxy-substituted GDY (OGDY) is prepared by an asymmetric substitution strategy, which increases the electric potential differences within each repeating unit of GDY. The staggered distributed electron-rich regions and electron-deficient regions on the two-dimensional plane of OGDY increase the free Li+ concentration through Lewis acid–base pair interaction. The adjacent ERRs and EDRs form uniformly distributed EREPDs, creating a continuous potential gradient that synergistically facilitates the efficient migration of Li+. Impressively, the OGDY/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) exhibits a high ionic conductivity (1.1 × 10−3 S cm−1) and ion mobility number (0.71). In addition, the accelerated Li+ migration promotes the formation of uniform and dense SEI layers and inhibits the growth of lithium dendrites. As a proof of concept, Li||Li symmetric cell and Li||LiFePO4 full cell and pouch cell assembled with OGDY/PEO exhibit good performance, highlighting the effectiveness of our EREPD design strategy for improving CPSEs performance.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01740-1
The advancement of sophisticated smart windows exhibiting superior thermoregulation capabilities in both solar spectrum and long-wave infrared range maintains a prominent objective for researchers in this field. In this study, a Janus window is proposed and prepared based on polymer-stabilized liquid–crystal films/thermochromic materials. It can achieve switchable front long-wave infrared emissivity (εFront) and solar modulation ability (ΔTsol) through dynamic flipping, making it suitable for different seasonal energy-saving requirements. Outdoor experiments show that under daytime illumination, the indoor temperature decreases by 8 °C, and the nighttime temperature drops by 5 °C. MATLAB simulation calculations indicate that the daytime cooling power is 93 W m−2, while the nighttime cooling power reaches 142 W m−2. Interestingly, by modifying the conductive layer, it can effectively shield electromagnetic radiation (within the X-band frequency range (8.2–12.4) GHz). Energy simulation reveals the substantial superiority of this device in energy savings compared with single-layer polymer-stabilized liquid crystal, poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide), and normal glass when applied in different climate zones. This research presents a compelling opportunity for the development of sophisticated smart windows characterized by exceptional thermoregulation capabilities.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01677-5
Hybrid organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites have emerged as a promising material for high-efficiency solar cells, yet challenges related to crystallization and defects limit their performance and stability. This study investigates the use of perovskite quantum dots (QDs) as crystallization seeds to enhance the quality of FAPbI3 perovskite films and improve the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We demonstrate that CsPbI3 and CsPbBr3 QDs effectively guide the crystallization process, leading to the formation of larger crystals with preferential orientations, particularly the (001) and (002) planes, which are associated with reduced defect densities. This seed-mediated growth strategy resulted in PSCs with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 24.75% and 24.11%, respectively, compared to the baseline efficiency of 22.05% for control devices. Furthermore, devices incorporating QD-treated perovskite films exhibited remarkable stability, maintaining over 80% of their initial PCE after 1000 h of simulated sunlight exposure, a significant improvement over the control. Detailed optoelectronic characterization revealed reduced non-radiative recombination and enhanced charge transport in QD-treated devices. These findings highlight the potential of QDs as a powerful tool to improve perovskite crystallization, facet orientation, and overall device performance, offering a promising route to enhance both efficiency and stability in PSCs.
New Carbon Materials (新型炭材料)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(NCM2024-39-04-04)
A transformation of naphthalene-based coalescenced mesophase pitch (NMP) to mesophase microbeads was achieved by heating a mixture of NMP and fullerene (C60). This is different from the conventional process of the liquid-phase carbonization of isotropic pitch to the emergence of carbon microbeads in the matrix and finally their growth to form a 100% anisotropic bulk mesophase, but rather a reverse transformation. The effects of C60 loading and reaction temperature on the morphological transformation of mesophase were investigated by polarizing optical and scanning electron microscopies. The physical changes in the NMP induced by C60 were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that the coalesced NMP can be converted to a spherical type at 300–320 °C with the addition of 5% C60, and the size of the mesophase microbeads increases with increasing temperature. Furthermore, a model is established to explain the unique induction effect of C60 in the transformation process. This work makes the morphological transformation of MP controllable, and provides a new idea for the understanding and research of mesophase pitch.
New Carbon Materials (新型炭材料)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(NCM2026-41-02-08)
Sodium-ion capacitors (SICs) typically feature a hybrid design, incorporating a battery-type anode that operates by faradaic redox reactions and an activated carbon cathode that functions through electrical double-layer (EDL) adsorption/desorption. However, the kinetics of faradaic processes are inherently slower than those of EDL processes, leading to a fundamental problem known as kinetic imbalance between the electrodes, which hinders the development of high-performance SICs. To address this, we synthesized composites of bismuth nanoparticles in N-doped carbon (Bi@NC) by a high-temperature sintering method. The resulting Bi@NC anode has a specific capacity of 300 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, an exceptional rate capability (maintaining performance at currents exceeding 75 A g−1), and outstanding cycling stability over 12,000 cycles. Three-electrode Swagelok cell tests revealed that this high-rate Bi@NC composite effectively decreases the kinetic gap with the activated carbon cathode, as shown by an analysis of their respective potential swing windows (vs. Na/Na+). This enables the fabricated SIC to achieve a maximum energy density of 115 Wh kg−1, a peak power density of 45,535 W kg−1, and a long cycle life exceeding 8,000 cycles.
Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Science) (上海交通大学学报)•2025•DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2025.150
This paper presents a comprehensive study on the optimization of wind power generation systems integrated with hybrid energy storage and grid connection. The proposed system combines battery and supercapacitor storage to smooth power fluctuations and enhance grid stability. A novel control strategy is developed to manage energy flow and improve overall efficiency. Simulation results demonstrate significant improvements in power quality and system reliability under varying wind conditions. The findings provide valuable insights for the design and operation of renewable energy systems.
Atomic Energy Science and Technology (原子能科学技术)•2025•DOI: 10.7538/yzk.2025.youxian.0341
To generate a neutron beam exhibiting a Maxwellian energy distribution with narrow emission angles for measuring the neutron capture reaction rates of the s-process nuclides, a monoenergetic 3.4 MeV proton beam produced by the tandem-accelerator in the China Institute of Atomic Energy was utilized. The proton beam was first transmitted through a 60.5 μm aluminum foil and then impinged on a natural LiF target to produce neutron beam via 7Li(p, n)7Be reaction. The quasi-Gaussian energy distribution of protons in the LiF target resulted in neutron energy spectra that agreed with a Maxwellian energy distribution at kT=(22±2) keV, which was achieved by integrating neutrons detected within an emission angle of 65.0°±2.6° using a 6Li glass detector positioned at 65° relative to the proton beam direction. The narrow angular spread of the Maxwellian-distributed neutron beam enables direct measurement of neutron capture cross-sections for most s-process nuclides, overcoming previous experimental limitations associated with broad angular distributions.
China Foundry•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s41230-025-4146-6
The phase constitution, microstructure, damping capacity, and mechanical properties of as-cast AlxCrFe3Ni (x=0.5, 0.52, 0.54, and 0.56, respectively) medium entropy alloys were investigated. It is found that the volume fraction of BCC phase increases while that of FCC decreases with increasing the Al content. When the content of Al is 0.54, the alloy is composed of 82.1vol.% BCC matrix and 17.9vol.% FCC phase. Wherein the FCC phase is distributed on the BCC matrix, forming a structure where the hard BCC matrix is surrounded by soft FCC phase. This results in a hindering effect on the propagation process of vibration waves. The damping performance of Al0.54CrFe3Ni alloy, characterized by an internal friction of Q-1 is as high as 0.059, is higher than that of most FeCr damping alloys. The volume fraction of the BCC phase and the peculiar distribution of the FCC phase are identified as the key factors affecting the damping capacity. In addition, the Al0.54CrFe3Ni alloy exhibits a high yield strength of 811.16 MPa.
Journal of Central South University•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s11771-025-6141-x
The suspension gap is a critical operational parameter for high-speed maglev trains and significantly impacts their aerodynamic performance. Based on an engineering prototype of the high-temperature superconducting (HTS) pinning maglev train, this study established a detailed three-dimensional model, and then the aerodynamic characteristics of the HTS maglev train at 600 km/h with suspension gaps of 10 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm were simulated based on the improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES) turbulence model and SST k- ω two-equation. The results demonstrated that the underbody design of the HTS maglev train leads to unique aerodynamic drag and aerothermal distribution phenomena. The head car experiences the smallest drag, while the tail car experiences the largest. The aerothermal temperature on the train's bottom surface progressively increases from the head to the tail. Additionally, the U-shaped track significantly constrains the flow around the train body, forming strong vortex structures. As the suspension gap increases from 10 mm to 30 mm, the airflow velocity in the train-track gap rises, reducing the underbody pressure and decreasing the lift of the head car by 12.43%. The drag of the head car increases by 10.98%, primarily due to changes in pressure drag. Additionally, the temperature at the underbody of the tail car rises further due to significant airflow deceleration. These findings provide valuable insights for advancing the engineering design and application of the high-speed HTS maglev technology.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-025-3276-6
The development of efficient and robust oxygen non-precious catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a critical scientific hurdle in realizing cost-effective renewable energy conversion systems. Herein, we present a rapid laser irradiation synthesis strategy for the successful fabrication of sub-10 nm FeCoNiMnCr high-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs) on multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) paper, serving as highly efficient OER electrocatalysts. The synthesis of high-entropy alloy nanoparticles with precise control was accomplished through systematic optimization of laser processing parameters. Structural characterization via X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy collectively verified the formation of a phase-pure face-centered cubic crystal structure with homogeneous elemental mixing at the atomic scale. Furthermore, COMSOL Multiphysics simulations confirm that this rapid and discontinuous laser irradiation approach enables the precursor material to undergo ultrafast heating and quenching processes, effectively suppressing Ostwald ripening phenomena, which is conducive to the formation of ultrafine (sub-10 nm) high-entropy alloy nanoparticles. The synthesized HEA-NPs catalyst demonstrates exceptional oxygen evolution activity in alkaline electrolyte (1 M KOH), achieving a current density of 10 mA·cm−2 at a low overpotential of 255 mV while maintaining remarkable stability with negligible activity decay during prolonged operation (>100 h), representing state-of-the-art performance among non-precious metal catalysts. This study provides perspectives on the rapid preparation and performance regulation of HEA-NPs catalysts.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-024-2977-6
Large-scale underground projects need accurate in-situ stress information, and the acoustic emission (AE) Kaiser effect method currently offers lower costs and streamlined procedures. In this method, the accuracy and speed of Kaiser point identification are important. Thus, this study aims to integrate chaos theory and machine learning for accurately and quickly identifying Kaiser points. An intelligent model of the identification of AE partitioned areas was established by phase space reconstruction (PSR), genetic algorithm (GA), and support vector machine (SVM). Then, the plots of model classification results were made to identify Kaiser points. We refer to this method of identifying Kaiser points as the partitioning plot method based on PSR–GA–SVM (PPPGS). The PSR–GA–SVM model demonstrated outstanding performance, which achieved a 94.37% accuracy rate on the test set, with other evaluation metrics also indicating exceptional performance. The PPPGS identified Kaiser points similar to the tangent-intersection method with greater accuracy. Furthermore, in the feature importance score of the classification model, the fractal dimension extracted by PSR ranked second after accumulated AE count, which confirmed its importance and reliability as a classification feature. The PPPGS was applied to in-situ stress measurement at a phosphate mine in Guizhou Weng’an, China, to validate its practicability, where it demonstrated good performance.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-024-3034-1
Fe–Cr–Ni austenitic alloys are extensively utilized in the hot-end components of nuclear light water reactors, turbine disks, and gas compressors. However, their low strength at elevated temperatures limits their engineering applications. In this study, a novel precipitation-strengthened alloy system is developed by incorporating Al and Si elements into a FeCrNi equiatomic alloy. The results indicate that the FeCrNiAlxSix (at%, x = 0.1, 0.2) alloys possess heterogeneous precipitation structures that feature a micron-scale σ phase at the grain boundaries and a nanoscale ordered body-centered cube (B2) phase within the grains. An exceptional strength–ductility synergy across a wide temperature range is achieved in FeCrNiAl0.1Si0.1 alloys due to grain refinement and precipitation strengthening. Notably, a yield strength of 693.83 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 817.55 MPa, and a uniform elongation of 18.27% are attained at 873 K. The dislocation shearing mechanism for B2 phases and the Orowan bypass mechanism for σ phase, coupled with a high density of nano-twins and stacking faults in the matrix, contribute to the excellent mechanical properties at cryogenic and ambient temperatures. Moreover, the emergence of serrated σ phase and micro-twins in the matrix plays a crucial role in the strengthening and toughening mechanisms at intermediate temperatures. This study offers a novel perspective and strategy for the development of precipitation-hardened Fe–Cr–Ni austenitic alloys with exceptional strength–ductility synergy over a broad temperature range.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-024-3045-y
The corrosion degradation of organic coatings in tropical marine atmospheric environments results in substantial economic losses across various industries. The complexity of a dynamic environment, combined with high costs, extended experimental periods, and limited data, places a limit on the comprehension of this process. This study addresses this challenge by investigating the corrosion degradation of damaged organic coatings in a tropical marine environment using an atmospheric corrosion monitoring sensor and a random forest (RF) model. For damage simulation, a polyurethane coating applied to a Fe/graphite corrosion sensor was intentionally scratched and exposed to the marine atmosphere for over one year. Pearson correlation analysis was performed for the collection and filtering of environmental and corrosion current data. According to the RF model, the following specific conditions contributed to accelerated degradation: relative humidity (RH) above 80% and temperatures below 22.5°C, with the risk increasing significantly when RH exceeded 90%. High RH and temperature exhibited a cumulative effect on coating degradation. A high risk of corrosion occurred in the nighttime. The RF model was also used to predict the coating degradation process using environmental data as input parameters, with the accuracy showing improvement when the duration of influential environmental ranges was considered.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01566-3
Rehabilitation training is believed to be an effectual strategy that can reduce the risk of dysfunction caused by spasticity. However, achieving visualization rehabilitation training for patients remains clinically challenging. Herein, we propose visual rehabilitation training system including iontronic meta-fabrics with skin-friendly and large matrix features, as well as high-resolution image modules for distribution of human muscle tension. Attributed to the dynamic connection and dissociation of the meta-fabric, the fabric exhibits outstanding tactile sensing properties, such as wide tactile sensing range (0~300 kPa) and high-resolution tactile perception (50 Pa or 0.058%). Meanwhile, thanks to the differential capillary effect, the meta-fabric exhibits a "hitting three birds with one stone" property (dryness wearing experience, long working time and cooling sensing). Based on this, the fabrics can be integrated with garments and advanced data analysis systems to manufacture a series of large matrix structure (40×40, 1600 sensing units) training devices. Significantly, the tunability of piezo-ionic dynamics of the meta-fabric and the programmability of high-resolution imaging modules allow this visualization training strategy extendable to various common disease monitoring. Therefore, we believe that our study overcomes the constraint of standard spasticity rehabilitation training devices in terms of visual display and paves the way for future smart healthcare.
Int. Journal of Mining Science and Technology (采矿与安全工程)•2024•DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2024.12.014
It is important to analyze the damage evolution process of surrounding rock under different water content for the stability of engineering rock mass. Based on digital speckle correlation (DSCM), acoustic emission (AE) and electromagnetic radiation (EMR), uniaxial hierarchical cyclic loading and unloading tests were carried out on sandstones with different fracture numbers under dry, natural and saturated water content, to explore the fracture propagation, failure precursor characteristics and damage response mechanism under the influence of water content effect. The results show that with the increase of water content, the peak stress and crack initiation stress decrease gradually, and the decreases are 15.28%–21.11% and 17.64%–23.04%, respectively. The peak strain and crack initiation strain increase gradually, and the increases are 19.85%–44.53% and 19.15%–41.94%, respectively. The precracked rock with different water content is mainly characterized by tensile failure at different loading stages. However, with the increase of water content, the proportion of shear cracks gradually increases, while acoustic emission events gradually decrease, the dissipative energy and energy storage limits of the rock under peak load gradually decrease, and the charge signal increases significantly, which is because the lubrication effect of water reduces the friction coefficient between crack surfaces.