Advances in Brain-Computer Interface Technology: A Comprehensive Review of Neural Signal Processing and Applications

• Recent advances in neural signal processing, including deep learning, have significantly improved BCI accuracy and reliability. • Hybrid BCI systems combining multiple modalities enhance performance and user adaptability. • BCI applications extend beyond motor rehabilitation to cognitive enhancement and neurofeedback therapy. • Challenges such as signal non-stationarity and long-term stability remain, but closed-loop adaptive systems offer promising solutions.