Railway Engineering Science (铁道工程科学)•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40534-025-00406-3
The expansion of urban and intercity rail networks—exemplified by China's 162,000 km of railway operating mileage and 48,000 km of high-speed lines by the end of 2024—has intensified concerns over train-induced environmental vibrations. Although typically of low amplitude, these vibrations can cause long-term structural deterioration, interfere with precision instruments, and disrupt human comfort. Documented cases include the 1000-year-old Probhutaratna Pagoda in Beijing, located 130 m from a major railway, which exhibited signs of vibration-induced degradation despite measured levels remaining within regulatory thresholds; the 632-year-old Bell Tower in Xi'an, where two overlapping metro lines produced cumulative vibration effects on ancient timber; and Peking University laboratories, where Metro Line 4 vibrations caused visible image distortion in electron microscopes. The complex dynamic interactions among train, track, infrastructure, soils, and buildings render vibration prediction a formidable challenge. This paper provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art modeling methods for train-induced vibrations from surface and underground railway traffic. It begins by addressing wave propagation in natural soils, followed by an in-depth examination of analytical, numerical, and empirical approaches for predicting ground and building vibrations. The review identifies unresolved issues and outlines areas requiring further investigation, including the need for efficient prediction models to assess vibrations and design mitigation measures.
Journal of Semiconductors (半导体学报 - 中国科学院半导体研究所)•2026•DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/25070029
Accurate temperature control and effective oxide removal are critical for high-quality epitaxial growth in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Conventional practice relies on manual interpretation of reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) patterns, introducing operator-dependent variability and impeding automation. This work presents an unsupervised contrastive learning framework for real-time RHEED analysis during substrate deoxidation. By imposing temporal similarity constraints between adjacent video segments, the model generates smooth, interpretable feature trajectories that delineate deoxidation state transitions without manual labels. Pre-training with a grouped contrastive loss significantly improves boundary discrimination and localization of critical regions. Generalizability is assessed via two transfer strategies: calibration-free clustering and few-shot fine-tuning. The pre-trained model achieves 88.1% clustering accuracy on GaAs deoxidation samples without additional labels, and 94.3–95.5% accuracy after fine-tuning with only five sample pairs across GaAs, Ge, and InAs substrates. Optimized for resource-constrained edge devices, the framework enables real-time, plug-and-play integration with existing MBE systems and rapid adaptation across materials and equipment. This approach advances automation and reproducibility in semiconductor manufacturing.
Journal of Semiconductors (半导体学报 - 中国科学院半导体研究所)•2026•DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/25100021
This study addresses the integration bottlenecks of display driver integrated circuits (DDICs) arising from external NOR Flash and SRAM by developing an embedded resistive random-access memory (RRAM) on a 40 nm high-voltage CMOS logic platform. Systematic process optimizations in film sputtering and pre-deposition treatment reduce within-wafer resistance uniformity (RSU) of the oxygen-deficient layer (ODL) from 11% to 8% and inter-wafer process stability variation from 23% to below 6%. These improvements elevate the yield of 8 Mb RRAM embedded mass production products from 87% to 98.5%. The RRAM cell achieves a compact area of ~0.0625 mm²/Mb, a 4.8 ns read speed, read disturb immunity of 3 × 10⁸ cycles at 95 °C, 10³ write/erase endurance cycles for 1 Mb cells, and 12.5-year data retention at 125 °C. Post high-temperature operating life (HTOL) testing confirms a stable high/low resistance window. The work provides a reliability assurance framework for mass production of highly integrated, low-power embedded RRAM in display driver ICs.
China Foundry (中国铸造 - 英文版)•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s41230-025-4253-4
In the casting process of 1060 industrial pure aluminum, the inclusions in the aluminum melt significantly affect the product quality. In this study, the influence of refining temperature and the composition of salt fluxes on the purification effect and mechanical properties of aluminum melt was investigated. The results indicate that lower refining temperatures and modified salt fluxes can effectively enhance the cleanliness of the aluminum melt. As the refining temperature increases, the large inclusions gradually increase. The addition of 16wt.% Na3AlF6 can dissolve and break up Al2O3 inclusions, facilitating the separation of the aluminum melt and aluminum slag. The addition of 16wt.% Na3AlF6 and 2wt.% CaCO3 to the basic salt fluxes enables gas refinement, thereby further improving the cleanliness of the aluminum melt. Under the refining condition of 37wt.% NaCl-47wt.% KCl-16wt.% Na3AlF3-2wt.% CaCO3 at 740 °C, better cleanliness and mechanical properties were obtained. The cleanliness and yield strength are approximately 99.99928% and 71.46 MPa, respectively. This work can offer valuable reference and theoretical insights for future research.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01720-5
The ability to control the electrode interfaces in an electrochemical energy storage system is essential for achieving the desired electrochemical performance. However, achieving this ability requires an in-depth understanding of the detailed interfacial nanostructures of the electrode under electrochemical operating conditions. In-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is one of the most powerful techniques for revealing electrochemical energy storage mechanisms with high spatiotemporal resolution and high sensitivity in complex electrochemical environments. These attributes play a unique role in understanding how ion transport inside electrode nanomaterials and across interfaces under the dynamic conditions within working batteries. This review aims to gain an in-depth insight into the latest developments of in-situ TEM imaging techniques for probing the interfacial nanostructures of electrochemical energy storage systems, including atomic-scale structural imaging, strain field imaging, electron holography, and integrated differential phase contrast imaging. Significant examples will be described to highlight the fundamental understanding of atomic-scale and nanoscale mechanisms from employing state-of-the-art imaging techniques to visualize structural evolution, ionic valence state changes, and strain mapping, ion transport dynamics. The review concludes by providing a perspective discussion of future directions of the development and application of in-situ TEM techniques in the field of electrochemical energy storage systems.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01703-6
Photocatalytic seawater splitting is an attractive way for producing green hydrogen. Significant progresses have been made recently in catalytic efficiencies, but the activity of catalysts can only maintain stable for about 10 h. Here, we develop a vacancy-engineered Ag3PO4/CdS porous microreactor chip photocatalyst, operating in seawater with a performance stability exceeding 300 h. This is achieved by the establishment of both catalytic selectivity for impurity ions and tailored interactions between vacancies and sulfur species. Efficient transport of carriers with strong redox ability is ensured by forming a heterojunction within a space charge region, where the visualization of potential distribution confirms the key design concept of our chip. Moreover, the separation of oxidation and reduction reactions in space inhibits the reverse recombination, making the chip capable of working at atmospheric pressure. Consequently, in the presence of Pt co-catalysts, a high solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 0.81% can be achieved in the whole durability test. When using a fully solar-driven 256 cm2 hydrogen production prototype, a H2 evolution rate of 68.01 mmol h−1 m−2 can be achieved under outdoor insolation. Our findings provide a novel approach to achieve high selectivity, and demonstrate an efficient and scalable prototype suitable for practical solar H2 production.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01658-8
The construction of carbon nanocoil (CNC)-based chiral-dielectric-magnetic trinity composites is considered as a promising approach to achieve excellent low-frequency microwave absorption. However, it is still challenging to further enhance the low frequency microwave absorption and elucidate the related loss mechanisms. Herein, the chiral CNCs are first synthesized on a three-dimensional (3D) carbon foam and then combined with the FeNi/NiFe2O4 nanoparticles to form a novel chiral-dielectric-magnetic trinity foam. The 3D porous CNC-carbon foam network provides excellent impedance matching and strong conduction loss. The formation of the FeNi-carbon interfaces induces interfacial polarization loss, which is confirmed by the density functional theory calculations. Further permeability analysis and the micromagnetic simulation indicate that the nanoscale chiral magnetic heterostructures achieve magnetic pinning and coupling effects, which enhance the magnetic anisotropy and magnetic loss capability. Owing to the synergistic effect between dielectricity, chirality, and magnetism, the trinity composite foam exhibits excellent microwave absorption performance with an ultrabroad effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 14 GHz and a minimum reflection of loss less than −50 dB. More importantly, the C-band EAB of the foam is extended to 4 GHz, achieving the full C-band coverage. This study provides further guidelines for the microstructure design of the chiral-dielectric-magnetic trinity composites to achieve broadband microwave absorption.
New Carbon Materials (新型炭材料)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(NCM2026-41-03-10)
The surface reconstruction of NiFe-based layered double hydroxide (LDH) electrocatalysts has been widely studied. The reconstructed NiOOH phase plays a critical role in improving the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance of NiFe-based LDHs, but observing the NiOOH phase is difficult because of its instability and exploring the functional mechanism of NiOOH in NiFe-based LDHs remains a great challenge. A simple electrochemical activation was used to synthesize a NiOOH/NiFeV-LDH@CC catalyst consisting of an array of V-doped NiFe-LDH nanosheets on carbon cloth (CC), in which the reconstructed NiOOH phase is the active species. During electrochemical activation, the release of doped V leads to the formation of abundant vanadium vacancy (VV) and oxygen vacancy (VO) species, and thus the surface of the NiFe-LDH nanosheets is reconstructed to form NiOOH. Because of the improved intrinsic activity from the NiOOH active phase, and the increased electrical conductivity produced by the abundant VO, NiOOH/NiFeV-LDH@CC has an excellent OER performance in an alkaline solution, with low overpotentials of 209 mV and 241 mV at 20 mA cm−2 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively. It also has a long-term stability of 80,000 s at a constant current density of 10 mA cm−2. Using NiOOH/NiFeV-LDH@CC as the anode, an assembled over water splitting (OWS) battery can drive a current density of 20 mA cm−2 (without iR compensation) at a much lower voltage of 1.597 V. At the same time, the electrolytic cell can deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at ~1.55V for more than 80,000 s without significant loss. This electrochemical activation method can be used in future designs of electrocatalysts for OER.
New Carbon Materials (新型炭材料)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(NCM2026-41-02-07)
Aqueous zinc-ion capacitors (ZICs) have significant potential as energy storage systems because of their high specific capacity and superior reliability. Heteroatom-doped carbon materials were known to substantially increase the capacitance of ZICs, however the mechanism remains poorly understood. Coal-based activated carbon was functionalized with B and N to serve as the cathode material in ZICs. This modification gave the material a high specific capacity of 371.4 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 and it retained 74% of its initial capacity after 10 000 cycles. Experimental results and density functional theory calculations revealed that pyridinic N plays a crucial role in increasing Zn2+ storage, demonstrating superior electrochemical reversibility. This work gives valuable insight into the design of high-capacity and ultrafast pseudocapacitive carbon cathodes for ZICs.
Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China (中国有色金属学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(25)67014-2
The effects of adding a novel Al−3Ti−4.35La master alloy and Nd and heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al−7Si alloy were investigated. The results showed that the secondary dendrite arm spacing of α-Al in the as-cast Al−7Si alloy was refined from 18.3 to 11.9 μm after modification with 0.2 wt.% Al−Ti−La and 0.03 wt.% Nd, and the length of eutectic Si was reduced from 8.6 to 5.0 μm. After heat treatment at 535 °C for 3 h followed by 165 °C for 3 h, the morphology of the eutectic Si became more rounded, and the size decreased. The microhardness, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation were HV 66.1, 184.9 MPa, and 24.4%, respectively, which increased by 24.2%, 11.6%, and 194.0% compared to the as-cast state. The addition of Al−3Ti−4.35La master alloy and Nd can reduce the nucleation temperature of eutectic Si in Al−7Si, thereby suppressing its growth. Notably, the Ti2(Al,Si)20(La,Nd) phase formed in the Al−7Si alloy after the addition of Al−Ti−La and Nd adhered to or coexisted near the eutectic Si particles, inhibiting their growth.
Journal of Semiconductors (半导体学报 - 中国科学院半导体研究所)•2025•DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/25030012
In recent years, research advancements have highlighted the critical role of the A-site cation in determining the optoelectronic and physicochemical properties of organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites. Mixed-cation perovskites (MCPs) have been extensively used as absorber thin films in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), achieving high power conversion efficiencies (PCE) over 26%. The incorporation of mixed cations has led to a more optimal tolerance factor for the crystal structure, enhancing structural stability and providing additional functionalities to improve the chemical stability of the absorber thin films. However, mixed-cation perovskite absorbers often experience element and phase segregation, which can reduce device efficiency and operational lifespan. This segregation is a widespread phenomenon observed across various types of MCPs, whether in 2D or 3D structures. Therefore, understanding the fundamental causes of non-uniformity and phase segregation, as well as effective nanoscale regulatory strategies, is essential for enhancing the performance of PSCs. The development of high-quality MCPs with highly uniform cation distribution and stable phases is critical for addressing the stability challenges in PSCs.
Int. Journal of Mining Science and Technology (采矿与安全工程)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.03.010
The energy-focusing blast is an innovative and ingenious method to achieve directional fracturing. Understanding its energy regulation mechanism is critical to enhancing its practical effectiveness. This study investigates the energy regulation mechanism and explores the medium-filling effects within the energy-focusing blast by employing theoretical analysis, numerical simulations, and model tests. The findings by theoretical and numerical analysis first reveal that two stages of the fracturing and tensile stage govern the directionally crack propagation, in which the explosion energy in the non-energy-focusing direction is suppressed, compressing the borehole wall, while redirected energy produces tensile stress in the energy-focusing direction, driving the formation of directional cracks. The choice of filling medium significantly affects directional cracking due to its impact on energy distribution and regulation, and key properties such as wave impedance and compressibility of the filling medium are critical. Experimental comparisons using air, sand, and water as filling media further disclose the distinct effects of the medium on energy regulation and directional crack growth of the energy-focusing blast. The maximum shaped-energy coefficients for air, sand, and water are 1.30, 4.41, and 6.12 in the energy-focusing direction, respectively. Meanwhile, the stress attenuation rate of air, sand, and water increases in that order. The higher wave impedance and lower compressibility of water support efficient and uniform energy propagation, which subtly enhances the tensile actions in the focusing direction and intensifies the overall stress impact of the energy-focusing blast. In addition, the stresses in the non-energy-focusing directions decrease as the angle from the energy-focusing direction increases, while the stresses are relatively uniform for both air and water but noticeably uneven for sand; meanwhile, the fractal dimensions of blasting cracks in the case of air, water, and sand are 1.076, 1.068, and 1.112, respectively. Sand as a filling medium leads to increased crack irregularities due to its granularity and heterogeneity. The water medium strikes an optimal balance by promoting the blasting energy transition and optimizing the energy distribution, maintaining the least flatness of the directional crack during energy-focusing blasts.
Int. Journal of Mining Science and Technology (采矿与安全工程)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.04.002
Rockburst precursors are critical for disaster warning, yet the complexity of rockburst has hindered the identification of a unified precursor. Furthermore, the influence of loading rates (LRs) on acoustic emission (AE) precursors in different rock types remains poorly understood. This study investigates the AE characteristics and early warning times of rockburst in slate and mica-schist under four LRs (0.05, 0.15, 0.25, and 0.5 MPa/s) using true triaxial unloading tests. The micro-crack state of the samples was evaluated using entropy, while critical slowing down (CSD) theory was applied to interpret AE precursors. The results reveal that as the LR increases, the rockburst stress of both rocks initially rises and then declines, with mica-schist exhibiting more severe damage and a higher dominance of tensile cracks. Notably, identifying rockburst precursors in mica-schist proved more challenging compared to slate. Among the methods tested, AE amplitude variance outperformed entropy in precursor identification. Additionally, the rockburst early warning time was found to be negatively correlated with the LR, with mica-schist consistently showing shorter warning times than slate. The CSD-derived precursor, due to its enhanced sensitivity, is recommended for early warning systems. These findings provide new insights into the role of LRs in rockburst dynamics and offer practical guidance for improving precursor identification and disaster mitigation strategies.
Int. Journal of Mining Science and Technology (采矿与安全工程)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.08.005
Under external disturbances, the shear mechanical responses and debonding failure mechanisms at anisotropic interfaces of anchoring system composed of multiphase media are inherently difficult to characterize due to the concealment nature of interfacial interactions. This study establishes an equivalent shear model for a bolt-resin-rock anchoring system and conducts direct shear tests under dynamic normal load (DNL) boundary from both laboratory experiments and discrete element method (DEM) simulations. The research investigates the influence of normal dynamic load amplitude (An) and rock type on shear strength parameters, elucidating the evolutionary characteristics and underlying mechanisms of shear load and normal displacement fluctuations induced by cyclic normal loading, with maximum shear load decreasing by 36.81% to 46.94% as An increases from 10% to 70% when rock type varies from coal to limestone. Through analysis of strain field evolution, the critical impact of rock type on localization of shear failure surface is revealed, with systematic summarization of differentiated wear characteristics, failure modes, and key controlling factors associated with shear failure surface. Mesoscopic investigations enabled by DEM simulations uncover the nonuniform distribution of contact force chains within the material matrix and across the anisotropic interfaces under various DNL boundaries, clarify rock type dependent crack propagation pathways, and quantitatively assess the damage extent of shear failure surface, with the anisotropic interface damage factor increasing from 34.9% to 56.6% as An rises from 10% to 70%, and decreasing from 49.6% to 23.4% as rock type varies from coal to limestone.
China Foundry•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s41230-025-4182-2
As a reliable additive manufacturing technology, the stereolithography (SLA) ceramic core necessitates a tailored sintering process to achieve optimal performance. This study explored the effects of final sintering temperatures (specifically 1,150, 1,250, and 1,300 °C) on the properties of SLA-fabricated SiO2-based ceramic cores reinforced with nano-ZrO2 (at concentrations of 1.0wt.%, 1.5wt.%, and 2.0wt.%). The results demonstrate that increasing the final sintering temperature and the incorporation of nano-ZrO2 enhance the viscous flow of quartz glass, resulting in a higher sintering degree. As the final sintering temperature rises, the ceramic samples exhibit increased shrinkage rate, decreased apparent porosity, and increased bulk density. Higher final sintering temperatures also promote greater cristobalite precipitation, promoting an increase in the amount and precipitation rate of quartz during investment casting. The formation of a cristobalite and ZrSiO4 network at elevated temperatures effectively inhibits the viscous flow of quartz glass, thereby significantly improving high-temperature flexural strength and creep resistance of ceramic cores. When the content of nano-ZrO2 is between 1.5wt.% and 2.0wt.%, the final sintering temperature of 1,250 °C is the best choice. Under these conditions, the shrinkage rate along the Z direction ranges from 3.35% to 3.68%, the porosity lies between 25.57% and 26.03%, the bulk density varies from 1.612 to 1.645 g·cm-3, the room temperature flexural strength is between 26.79 and 27.85 MPa, and the flexural strength at high temperatures is within the range of 30.77 to 33.02 MPa. The deflection at high-temperatures is 3.37-5.31 mm, while the surface roughness of the upper surface is 3.26-4.79 μm, and the surface roughness of the side surface is 4.97-5.79 μm. These findings provide valuable guidance for optimizing the sintering processes of SLA ceramic cores, offering potential for industrial applications.
China Foundry•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s41230-025-4118-x
In this study, carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/AlSi10Mg composite parts with CNTs contents ranging from 0.0 to 2.0wt.% were successfully fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) with laser scan speeds ranging from 900 to 1,900 mm·s-1. Uniform dispersion of CNTs in the powders can be achieved when their content is below 2.0wt.%. In the LPBF samples, the morphology of the CNTs is found to be directly related to their content. Especially, the length of CNTs in samples prepared by LPBF increases as the CNT content increases. The length of CNTs is approximately 200-300 nm in the 1.0wt.% CNTs/AlSi10Mg composites and approximately 500-1,000 nm in the 2.0wt.% CNTs/AlSi10Mg composites. The hardness of the composites reaches its highest value of 143.3 HV when the CNTs content is 1.0wt.% and the laser scan speed is 1,300 mm·s-1. It is found that the self-lubricating properties of the CNTs improve the tribological properties of the composites. The coefficient of friction (CoF) and wear rate of the samples decrease with increasing CNT content. At a CNTs content of 2.0wt.%, the CoF and wear rate of the composite decrease by approximately 14% and 30%, respectively, compared to the unreinforced matrix. The presence of CNTs leads to a more complete and refined network microstructure within the samples. Both the CNTs and the aluminum carbide contribute to the Orowan mechanism and the Hall-Petch effect within the matrix.
Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering•2025•DOI: 10.1186/s10033-025-01257-z
The existing research on the path following of the autonomous electric vehicle (AEV) mainly focuses on the path planning and the kinematic control. However, the dynamic control with the state observation and the communication delay is usually ignored, so the path following performance of the AEV cannot be ensured. This article studies the observer-based path following control strategy for the AEV with the communication delay via a robust explicit model predictive control approach. Firstly, a projected interval unscented Kalman filter is proposed to observe the vehicle sideslip angle and yaw rate. The observer considers the state constraints during the observation process, and the robustness of the observer is also considered. Secondly, an explicit model predictive control is designed to reduce the computational complexity. Thirdly, considering the efficiency of the information transmission, the influence of the communication delay is considered when designing the observer-based path following control strategy. Finally, the numerical simulation and the hardware-in-the-loop test are conducted to examine the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed strategy.
Journal of Central South University•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s11771-025-6117-x
The determination of discontinuity shear strength is an important concern in rock engineering. Previous research mainly focused on the shear behavior of discontinuities with identical joint wall compressive strengths (DIJCS). However, the shear behavior of discontinuities with different joint wall compressive strengths (DDJCS) and 3D surface morphology had been rarely reported. In this study, matched mortar DDJCSs were prepared using 3D printed photosensitive resin molds. Direct shear tests were carried out under three kinds of normal stress (ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 MPa) to analyze the shear strength and contact zones of DDJCS during shearing. The results show that the contact zones of DDJCS during shearing are scattered in the steep zones facing the shear direction. It is verified that Grasselli and Develi’s directional surface roughness characterization method can be used to predict the shear-induced potential contact zones of DDJCS. When the critical apparent dip angle is equal to the peak dilation angle, the predicted contact area agrees well with the actual contact area. A 3D directional roughness parameter with clear physical meaning was introduced to characterize discontinuity surface roughness. A 3D modified joint roughness coefficient-joint wall compressive strength (JRC-JCS) criterion that can both predict the shear strength of DDJCS and DIJCS was proposed based on the newly defined roughness parameter. The proposed criterion was validated by 77 direct shear tests presented by this study and 163 direct shear tests presented by other investigators. The results show that the proposed criterion was generally reliable for the peak shear strength prediction of DDJCS and DIJCS (within 16%). It is also found that the new criterion can capture the anisotropy of the peak shear strength of DDJCS. The anisotropy of DDJCS decreases with increasing normal stress. It should be noted that the anisotropy of the shear strength of DDJCS was not investigated experimentally, and further experiments should be conducted to verify it.
Journal of Central South University•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s11771-025-6080-6
Under the influence of the upper coal pillars and dynamic pressure of coal mining, the roadway of the lower coal seam is prone to large deformation failure. In this paper, a novel control method and key technologies of automatically formed roadway (AFR) by roof cutting and confined concrete column in extremely close-distance coal seam are proposed. Furthermore, a numerical model is established to analyze the structure characteristics of overlying roof strata. Based on numerical results, the roof structure model of “voussoir beam of upper layer + short cantilever beam of lower layer” of this method is proposed. What’s more, the calculation equation of the roof bending moment and evaluation indexes is established, and the influence of different factors on roof stability control of AFR is studied. Finally, a field test is conducted to verify the effectiveness of this novel method. Field results were as follows: 1) The maximum and average support stress of working face obviously decreased; 2) The confined concrete column can provide high-strength support in dynamic influence zone; 3) The maximum deformation of AFR safety requirement can be met. This study can provide effective guidance for the application of this method in extremely close-distance coal seam.
Journal of Central South University•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s11771-025-6094-0
High performance composite photocatalyst is a hotspot in the photocatalysis researches. In this study, a cutting-edge CeO2/rutile composite photocatalyst with tiny CeO2 concentration of 1.28 wt% was synthesized via a simple photocatalytic method. This as-obtained CeO2/rutile catalyst (CeO2/TiO2-1:1) exhibited an enhanced wastewater degradation and improved water splitting H2 evolution ability, with 95.83 % removal ratio for methylene blue (MB), 72.84% for tetracycline (TC) and 87.57 μmol/g H2 evolution capacity. Light irradiation and 2-coordinated oxygen vacancies (OV2C) on rutile surface promoted the Ce3+ adsorption on the rutile (110) facet as DFT results shown. The CeO2/rutile type-II heterojunction was evidenced to promote the migration of e−/h+ and generation of ·OH/·O2− and H2, which rapidly boosted the whole photocatalytic performance. This as-prepared CeO2/TiO2 photocatalyst can provide useful inspirations and new thoughts about the photosynthesis process, and offer a novel strategy for heterojunction photocatalysts preparation.
Journal of Central South University•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s11771-025-6060-x
To enhance the recuperation rate of the mine and comply with the stipulations of green mining technology, it is vital to expeditiously recuperate the coal pillar resources in the final stage, thus preventing the considerable squandering of resources. The coal pillar resource of the main roadway and its branch roadway constitutes a significant recovery subject. Its coal pillar shape is regular and possesses a considerable strike distance, facilitating the arrangement of the coal pillar recovery working face (CPRWF) for mining operations. However, for the remaining coal pillars with a thick and hard roof (THF) and multiple tectonic zones, CPRWF encounters challenges in selecting an appropriate layout, managing excessive roof pressure, and predicting mining stress. Aiming at the roadway coal pillar group with THF and multi-structural areas in specific projects, a method of constructing multi-stage CPRWF by one side gob-side entry driving (GSED) and one side roadway reusing is proposed. Through theoretical calculation of roof fracture and numerical simulation verification, combined with field engineering experience and economic analysis, the width of the narrow coal pillar (NCP) in the GSED is determined to be 10 m and the length of the CPRWF is 65 m. Concurrently, the potential safety hazard that the roof will fall asymmetrically and THF is difficult to break during CPRWF mining after GSED is analyzed and verified. Then, a control method involving the pre-cutting of the roof in the reused roadway before mining is proposed. This method has been shown to facilitate the complete collapse of THF, reduce the degree of mine pressure, and facilitate the symmetrical breaking of the roof. Accordingly, a roof-cutting scheme based on a directional drilling rig, bidirectional shaped polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe, and emulsion explosive was devised, and the pre-splitting of 8.2 m THF was accomplished. Field observations indicate that directional cracks are evident in the roof, the coal wall is flat during CPRWF mining, and the overall level of mining pressure is within the control range. Therefore, the combined application of GSED and roof-cutting technology for coal pillar recovery has been successfully implemented, thereby providing new insights and engineering references for the construction and pressure relief mining of CPRWF.
Journal of Central South University•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s11771-025-6074-4
Addressing the issues of significant entry settlement and severe mining pressure manifestations in the conventional 121 approach, an innovative N00 approach is proposed. By comparing the mining process and entry formation process of different approaches, the characteristics of entry roof settlement evolution under different approaches are obtained. The N00 approach, which incorporates roof cutting and NPR cable support, optimizes the mining and entry formation process to reduce the settlement phase of entry roof, decreases the settlement of entry roof, and enhances the steadiness of entry roof. The N00 approach modifies the entry roof structure through roof cutting and establishes a hydraulic support load mechanics model for the mining panel to derive the theoretical load pressure formula for the N00 approach’s hydraulic support. Compared with the conventional 121 approach, the pressure on the N00 approach’s hydraulic support is reduced. Empirical data obtained through field monitoring demonstrate that the N00 approach has reduced the roof settlement of the entry and weakened the mining pressure manifestation at the mining panel, achieving the goal of protecting the entry and mining panel.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-025-3161-3
This study investigated the mechanical responses and debonding mechanisms of a bolt–resin–rock composite anchoring system subjected to cyclic shear loading. A systematic analysis was conducted on the effects of the initial normal load (Fsd), cyclic shear displacement amplitude (ud), frequency (f), and rock type on the shear load, normal displacement, shear wear characteristics, and strain field evolution. The experimental results showed that as Fsd increased from 7.5 to 120 kN, both the peak and residual shear loads exhibited increasing trends, with increments ranging from 1.98% to 35.25% and from 32.09% to 86.74%, respectively. The maximum shear load of each cycle declined over the cyclic shear cycles, with the rate of decrease slowing and stabilizing, indicating that shear wear primarily occurred at the initial cyclic shear stage. During cyclic shearing, the normal displacement decreased spirally with the shear displacement, implying continuous shear contraction. The spiral curves display sparse upwards and dense downward trends, with later cycles dominated by dynamic sliding along the pre-existing shear rupture surface, which is particularly evident in coal. The bearing capacity of the anchoring system varies with the rock type and is governed by the coal strength in coal, resin–rock bonding in sandstone#1 and sandstone#2, combined resin strength and resin–rock bonding in sandstone#3 (sandstone#1, sandstone#2 and sandstone#3, increasing strength order), and resin strength and bolt–resin bonding in limestone. Cyclic shear loading induces anisotropic interfacial degradation, characterized by escalating strain concentrations and predominant resin–rock interface debonding, with the damage severity modulated by the rock type.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01498-y
To address the limitations of contemporary lithium-ion batteries, particularly their low energy density and safety concerns, all-solid-state lithium batteries equipped with solid-state electrolytes have been identified as an up-and-coming alternative. Among the various SEs, organic–inorganic composite solid electrolytes (OICSEs) that combine the advantages of both polymer and inorganic materials demonstrate promising potential for large-scale applications. However, OICSEs still face many challenges in practical applications, such as low ionic conductivity and poor interfacial stability, which severely limit their applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent research advancements in OICSEs. Specifically, the influence of inorganic fillers on the main functional parameters of OICSEs, including ionic conductivity, Li+ transfer number, mechanical strength, electrochemical stability, electronic conductivity, and thermal stability are systematically discussed. The lithium-ion conduction mechanism of OICSE is thoroughly analyzed and concluded from the microscopic perspective. Besides, the classic inorganic filler types, including both inert and active fillers, are categorized with special emphasis on the relationship between inorganic filler structure design and the electrochemical performance of OICSEs. Finally, the advanced characterization techniques relevant to OICSEs are summarized, and the challenges and perspectives on the future development of OICSEs are also highlighted for constructing superior ASSLBs.