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Published Research PapersFiltered: Year 2026 • Vol 19 • 9

Showing 10 of 21 peer-reviewed papers with full Graphical Abstracts.

Original ResearchVol 19, Issue 9 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.26599/NR.2026.94908790• Jan 15, 2026

A small-bundle single-wall carbon nanotube electrothermal film for smart windows

Authors: DING Wu-Tong, MENG Yu, YANG Hao, WU An-Ping, MA Rui-Shu, LI Kang, HOU Peng-Xiang, LIU Chang

The integration of electrothermal films into smart windows demands simultaneous high optical transparency and exceptional heating performance, a trade-off that has constrained flexible transparent heater development. This work reports a transparent conductive single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) film composed of highly crystalline, long SWCNTs in small bundles, synthesized by floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD). The small-bundle SWCNT film, with an average bundle diameter of 7.1 nm, achieves a sheet resistance of 26 Ω/□ at 82% transmittance and reaches a stable temperature of 102 °C under a low applied voltage of 20 V. The superior electrothermal performance relative to large-bundle counterparts originates from a higher areal nanotube density and more efficient conductive pathways at equivalent transmittance. Integrating this transparent heating film with a paraffin wax/polydimethylsiloxane (PW/PDMS) thermochromic functional layer yields a large-area flexible smart window. The device exhibits a reversible visible light transmittance range from 0.17% to 78% and exceptional cycling stability. This study overcomes the transparency–conductivity trade-off in transparent electrothermal films, providing a viable route for flexible smart windows and related thermal management devices.

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A small-bundle single-wall carbon nanotube electrothermal film for smart windows

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Original ResearchVol 19, Issue 9 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.26599/NR.2026.94908633• Jan 15, 2026

Localized Asymmetric Electron Distribution in Covalent Organic Frameworks Promotes Efficient Photocatalytic H2O2 Production

Authors: Chongbei Wu, Guanxia Dai, Liying Huang, Yuefan Guan, Yifan Sun, Yuanxin Dong, Zike Zhang, Xuan Li, Zhuan Wang, Jizhou Jiang

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with highly symmetric skeletons exhibit limited O2 adsorption and weak thermodynamic driving force for the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR), constraining photocatalytic H2O2 production. Here, we modulate the local arrangement of fluorine atoms in COFs, creating para- and ortho-fluorinated variants (Fp-COFs and Fo-COFs) to induce an asymmetric electronic distribution. This asymmetry provides effective O2-adsorption sites and strengthens the driving force for 2e− ORR. Theoretical analysis reveals that asymmetric fluorination delocalizes lone-pair electrons of F atoms to adjacent carbons, producing a discretized electron distribution that enhances O2 adsorption at imine bonds. The increased electron density on these carbons facilitates electron transfer into the π* orbital of adsorbed O2, accelerating ·OOH* intermediate formation and lowering the Gibbs free energy barrier of the 2e− pathway. Consequently, Fo-COFs achieve a quantum yield of 8.8% for H2O2 photosynthesis in pure water. This work provides a new approach for tuning local electron distribution in COFs, offering guidance for rational design of efficient photocatalytic materials and broadening the application prospects of asymmetric electronic structures.

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Localized Asymmetric Electron Distribution in Covalent Organic Frameworks Promotes Efficient Photocatalytic H2O2 Production

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Original ResearchVol 19, Issue 9 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.26599/NR.2026.94908686• Jan 15, 2026

Superhydrophobic, Active Anti-Corrosion, and Solar Anti-Icing Coating with Fast Self-Healing Properties

Authors: Qiang Li, Liying Su, Qian Zhang, Zhijie Zhang, Xiaotao Wang, Zhihong Zhao, Xiaohu Wu, Yanghui Wang, Yingfeng Gao, Shuang Ben, Yuzhen Ning, Kesong Liu

Corrosion and icing critically threaten the service safety of magnesium (Mg) alloys in aerospace and transportation industries. Although superhydrophobic coatings offer effective anti-corrosion and anti-icing functions, they are limited by susceptibility to failure due to physical damage or capillary condensation. Here, a multifunctional integrated coating (SAAS) is reported, which endows coated Mg alloys with excellent superhydrophobicity, active anti-corrosion performance, anti-icing properties, and fast self-healing capabilities. Layered double hydroxide (LDH) modified and intercalated with sodium laurate (La) acts as nanoreservoirs, releasing La corrosion inhibitors via an anion-exchange process to retard corrosion. Incorporation of MXene provides full-spectrum high absorption and efficient photothermal conversion, achieving a surface temperature of 61 °C under 1.0 sun illumination, which prevents adhesion and accumulation of supercooled droplets. Near-infrared (NIR) irradiation induces macromolecular chain migration and phase transition, enabling fast self-healing of coating damage. The SAAS coating exhibits a water contact angle of 153°, a corrosion current density of 1.294 × 10⁻⁹ A·cm⁻² (four orders of magnitude lower than bare Mg alloy), an icing delay time approximately 23 times longer than the substrate, and a healing rate of about 0.34 cm·s⁻¹ under NIR. This study provides a novel strategy for enhancing aircraft skin durability and offers insights into multifunctional coating design.

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Superhydrophobic, Active Anti-Corrosion, and Solar Anti-Icing Coating with Fast Self-Healing Properties

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Original ResearchVol 19, Issue 9 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.26599/NR.2026.94908666• Jan 15, 2026

In-situ grown 1D Te/2D Bi2O2Se van der Waals heterostructure for high-performance self-powered polarization-sensitive photodetection

Authors: Xingbo Shang, Maohua Chen, Yiye Yu, Tiange Zhao, Yuzhuo Bai, Shikun Duan, Haonan Ge, Zhen Wang, Longhui Zeng, Di Wu

Low-dimensional semiconductors have attracted widespread attention in next-generation broadband infrared photodetectors due to their tunable band structures, strong light-matter interactions, and compatibility with mixed-dimensional integration. Among them, tellurium (Te) and bismuth selenide (Bi2O2Se) are ideal candidates for high-performance detection owing to their inherent anisotropy, high carrier mobility, and broad spectral response. Constructing heterojunction photodetectors based on these materials enables self-powered operation and suppresses dark current. Heterojunction interface engineering and band structure design are crucial for high-performance Te/Bi2O2Se heterojunction photodetectors. Here, we in-situ construct a one-dimensional (1D) Te/two-dimensional (2D) Bi2O2Se heterojunction via a two-step chemical vapor deposition method, achieving a clear interface and type-II band alignment. The photodetector based on the Te/Bi2O2Se heterojunction, operating in self-driven mode, exhibits high performance: a responsivity of ~0.89 A·W−1 and a fast response time of ~29/41 μs under 1550 nm light irradiation. Furthermore, owing to the optical absorption anisotropy of tellurium, the device demonstrates a high polarization ratio of 2.8 and successfully enables polarization optical communication and polarization imaging applications. This work provides new insights into the in-situ construction strategy for high-quality mixed-dimensional van der Waals heterojunctions and advances high-performance photodetectors and their applications.

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In-situ grown 1D Te/2D Bi2O2Se van der Waals heterostructure for high-performance self-powered polarization-sensitive photodetection

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Original ResearchVol 19, Issue 9 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.26599/NR.2026.94908775• Jan 15, 2026

Multifunctional modular electrospun fiber with heterogenous structure for multimodal sensing

Authors: LUO Yunyun, ZHANG Yaxin, LUO Guoxi, LU Dejiang, XIA Yong, LI Min, YANG Ping, MAEDA Ryutaro, JING Weixuan, ZHAO Libo, WANG Kaifei

Flexible sensors have advanced rapidly to achieve skin-like multisensory capabilities, yet their performance is compromised by strain disturbances and multi-parameter interactions, impeding widespread deployment. Here, we report a flexible fibrous device with a patterned cellular structure enabling anti-strain interference, dual-parameter measurement, and static/dynamic detection. The patterned cellular fibrous structure achieves a heterogenous strain distribution that preserves sensing performance under 10% strain. The sensor integrates a piezoresistive component for low-frequency mechanical stimuli and a thermoelectric response to calibrate temperature-induced resistance changes. A hybrid piezoresistive/piezoelectric sensing platform was experimentally implemented for static pressure persistence and high-frequency acoustic excitation from 0 to 300 Hz. The hybrid tactile sensing achieved the highest material identification accuracy of 98.6%. This work provides valuable proposals to resolve practical constraints in flexible sensor applications, compelling advantages for broader wearable integration.

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Multifunctional modular electrospun fiber with heterogenous structure for multimodal sensing

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Original ResearchVol 19, Issue 9 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.26599/NR.2026.94908819• Jan 15, 2026

MXene-Based Hydrogel Disrupts Bacterial Biofilms and Reprograms Immune Cell Metabolism via Photothermal-Electron Transfer Effects to Reverse Bone Resorption in Periodontitis

Authors: Xinting Yang, Jingjie Zhai, Chenke Wei, Yukai Guo, Bo Pan, Bai Yang, Yanmin Zhou, Quan Lin

Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease caused by bacterial biofilms, leads to alveolar bone resorption and tooth loss. Current treatments fail to eradicate biofilms and reverse inflammation-induced bone loss. Here, we developed an injectable hydrogel (GQM) composed of oxidized gellan gum, quaternized chitosan, and magnesium–tannic acid-modified MXene nanosheets (MTA-Mg). GQM is injectable into periodontal pockets and delivers MTA-Mg, which disrupts biofilms via photothermal effect under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation and kills bacteria through electrostatic interactions from quaternized chitosan. MTA-Mg also acts as an interfacial electron transfer agent to activate oxidative phosphorylation, while releasing magnesium and tannic acid to improve mitochondrial function, thereby reprogramming immune cell metabolism toward the M2 macrophage phenotype. In a rat periodontitis model, GQM hydrogel effectively eradicated biofilms, alleviated inflammation, and reversed alveolar bone resorption. This synergistic 'biofilm disruption–immune metabolic reprogramming' strategy offers a novel approach for treating inflammatory bone resorption in periodontitis.

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MXene-Based Hydrogel Disrupts Bacterial Biofilms and Reprograms Immune Cell Metabolism via Photothermal-Electron Transfer Effects to Reverse Bone Resorption in Periodontitis

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Original ResearchVol 19, Issue 9 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.26599/NR.2026.94908737• Jan 15, 2026

Construction of Feδ+–Ruδ− synergistic interface enabling efficient and stable hydrogen evolution in versatile electrolytes

Authors: Min Yu, Ziqin Xu, Yuyue Wang, Hao Chen, Kuaibing Wang, Hongjing Zhu, Yi Song, Changyun Chen, Guangxiang Liu

Electrocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production is a key pathway for sustainable green hydrogen. However, freshwater scarcity limits large-scale application, necessitating efficient and stable catalysts for complex water sources such as seawater and wastewater. Here, we report a FeRu bimetallic nanocatalyst (FeRu-ERBC) constructed by anchoring FeRu composite nanoparticles on engineered biomass-derived carbon from Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. FeRu-ERBC exhibits excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance in alkaline, seawater, and chemical wastewater environments, achieving an overpotential of only 22.7 mV at 10 mA·cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH and maintaining stability for over 120 h. Structural characterization and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the carbon support provides high specific surface area and hierarchical pores for mass transport, and critically promotes atomic-level substitution of Fe by Ru, forming a tightly coupled Fe–Ru interface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ spectroscopy confirm electron transfer from Fe to Ru, creating a 'Feδ+–Ruδ−' synergistic active center. This interface regulates the surface interfacial water network, enhancing overall reaction kinetics. This work provides a new strategy for designing Ru-based catalysts with interfacial electronic regulation for real-world water environments, highlighting the crucial role of biomass-derived carbon supports in advancing green hydrogen technology.

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Construction of Feδ+–Ruδ− synergistic interface enabling efficient and stable hydrogen evolution in versatile electrolytes

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Original ResearchVol 19, Issue 9 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.26599/NR.2026.94908756• Jan 15, 2026

Interface-stabilized phosphorene/bismuthene heterostructures for freeze-tolerant micro-supercapacitors and integrated sensing

Authors: Yukai Chang, Chenfang Lou, Jin Jia, Huilan Zhao, Penghui Li, Yingjie Huo, Libo Wang, Qianku Hu, Yuanyuan Zhu, Aiguo Zhou

Black phosphorus (BP)-based micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) are promising for wearable electronics but suffer from intrinsic instability and sluggish electron kinetics. Here, we report a two-dimensional phosphorene/bismuthene (2D BP/Bi) heterojunction fabricated via liquid nitrogen-assisted exfoliation and mask-assisted filtration, serving as a robust bifunctional electrode for integrated flexible energy-sensing systems. The heterostructure suppresses nanosheet restacking and enhances interfacial stability through strong P–O–Bi covalent bonding and interfacial synergy. Bismuthene incorporation constructs high-speed electron transport channels, facilitating ion diffusion and charge transfer. The optimized BP/Bi (3:1) electrode achieves a high areal capacitance of 7.6 mF·cm−2 (1.6-fold enhancement over pure BP) and ultra-long lifespan with 92.1% retention after 30,000 cycles. By tailoring the gel electrolyte with DMSO, the device exhibits remarkable freeze-tolerance, maintaining 70% capacitance at −35 °C. An all-flexible integrated system combining the MSC with a pressure sensor using graphene current collectors enables continuous, self-sustained physiological monitoring. This work offers critical insights into interface engineering for high-performance BP-based MSCs and paves the way for extreme-environment wearable applications.

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Interface-stabilized phosphorene/bismuthene heterostructures for freeze-tolerant micro-supercapacitors and integrated sensing

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Original ResearchVol 19, Issue 9 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.26599/NR.2026.94908587• Jan 15, 2026

Cactus-inspired freeze-printed SiO2/ZrO2 aerogels with programmable configuration for extreme thermal insulation

Authors: Li Huikang, Liao Weilin, Li Bingcheng, Su Xiaosen, Zhang Ke, Fang Fei, Huang Xudong

Aerogels are promising for thermal insulation due to their lightweight and low thermal conductivity, yet achieving high-temperature resistance (>1000 °C) alongside robust mechanical performance remains challenging. Here, we report a cactus-inspired spiral structure strategy via freezing-assisted direct ink writing (DIW). By controlling the rotation angle (θ) and printing spacing (x), we fabricate SiO2/ZrO2 aerogels with programmable macroscopic spiral architectures. The aerogel with θ = 40° and x = 1.3 mm exhibits excellent thermal insulation (30.2 mW·m−1·K−1) but limited compressive strength (159.3 kPa at 24.2% fracture strain). To enhance mechanical properties without compromising insulation, we propose an arctangent-topological DIW strategy using αn = arctan(1/n) to create four-fold rotational symmetry. At αn = 26.6° (n = 2), the aerogel achieves a thermal conductivity of 33.9 mW·m−1·K−1 and a compressive strength of 341.7 kPa at 24.6% fracture strain, representing a significant improvement. Finite element simulations (COMSOL Multiphysics) corroborate experimental results. Demonstrations on electronic chips and flame nozzles confirm effective thermal protection. This work provides a viable route to aerogels with integrated high-temperature stability and mechanical robustness.

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Cactus-inspired freeze-printed SiO2/ZrO2 aerogels with programmable configuration for extreme thermal insulation

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Original ResearchVol 19, Issue 9 • pp. 100-112DOI: 10.26599/NR.2026.94908854• Jan 15, 2026

Engineering of atomically dispersed Cu on TiO2 via flash Joule heating for solar-driven CO2 reduction

Authors: Khadija Tul Kubra, Jian Lei, Zhongliao Wang, Shuaikang Sang, You Li, Saira Man, Zakaria Ismail, Chao Zhang, Jingxiang Low, Ran Long, Yujie Xiong

Constructing photocatalysts decorated with atomically dispersed metal species (ADMs) represents a pivotal strategy to maximize atom utilization and tailor active sites for efficient carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction. However, conventional synthesis strategies, typically relying on tedious wet-chemistry or prolonged thermal calcination, often suffer from slow kinetics that inevitably drive the thermodynamic aggregation of metastable single atoms or nanoclusters into less active nanoparticles. Herein, we bypassed these limitations by developing a facile flash Joule heating (FJH) strategy to engineer stable Cu ADMs on TiO2 via an ultrafast and millisecond-scale heating-quenching process. This non-equilibrium thermal shock effectively stabilizes the metal species before thermal diffusion can occur, ensuring a robust metal–support interaction, as unambiguously confirmed by aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analyses. Consequently, the optimized Cu1.0/TiO2 delivers an approximately 10-fold enhancement in CO evolution compared to pristine TiO2 under simulated solar irradiation. Comprehensive in-situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and photoelectrochemical measurements reveal that these isolated Cu sites function as superior electron-trapping centers, which significantly accelerate interfacial charge transfer kinetics and promote the activation of critical reaction intermediates. This work establishes FJH as a versatile and scalable platform for overcoming the stability-dispersion trade-off in the rational design of high-performance photocatalysts.

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Engineering of atomically dispersed Cu on TiO2 via flash Joule heating for solar-driven CO2 reduction

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