Surface Technology (表面技术)•2026•DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.09.004
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4, KDP) crystals are indispensable optical components in high-power laser systems and inertial confinement fusion devices, yet their hygroscopicity, brittleness, and low hardness render them among the most difficult materials to machine. This study establishes a solid-phase chemical reaction rate model grounded in heterogeneous solid-phase reaction kinetics and the Arrhenius equation, quantifying the influence of mechanical action and temperature on reaction kinetics. The true contact area between the KDP crystal and the fixed abrasive pad is computed, and the reaction layer thickness is derived by coupling the reaction rate model with single-abrasive scratching theory. A material removal model is subsequently formulated, linking abrasive penetration depth to reaction layer thickness. Experiments were conducted at polishing pressures of 7.5, 15, 22.5, and 30 kPa and pad rotational speeds of 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 r/min. Theoretical material removal rates were compared with empirical data, yielding discrepancies within 13% (maximum errors of 10.6% at 7.5 kPa and 12.5% at 30 kPa). Material removal rate increases monotonically with polishing pressure and pad rotational speed. The model elucidates the coupling mechanism between chemical and mechanical actions: solid-phase reactions generate a reaction layer on the workpiece surface, which is removed by abrasive mechanical action; equilibrium between chemical and mechanical actions enables high-quality KDP crystal processing.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01628-6
Although room-temperature superconductivity is still difficult to achieve, researching materials with electrical conductivity significantly higher than that of copper will be of great importance in improving energy efficiency, reducing costs, lightening equipment weight, and enhancing overall performance. Herein, this study presents a novel copper–carbon nanofilm composite with enhanced conductivity which has great applications in the electronic devices and electrical equipment. Multilayer copper–carbon nanofilms and interfaces with superior electronic structures are formed based on copper materials using plasma immersion nanocarbon layer deposition technology, effectively enhancing conductivity. Experimental results show that for a five-layer copper–carbon nanofilm composite, the conductivity improves significantly when the thickness of the carbon nanofilm increases. When the carbon nanofilm accounts for 16% of the total thickness, the overall conductivity increases up to 30.20% compared to pure copper. The mechanism of the enhanced conductivity is analyzed including roles of copper atom adsorption sites and electron migration pathways by applying effective medium theory, first-principles calculations and density of states analysis. Under an applied electric field, the high-density electrons in the copper film can migrate into the nanocarbon film, forming highly efficient electron transport channels, which significantly enhance the material’s conductivity. Finally, large-area electrode coating equipment is developed based on this study, providing the novel and robust strategy to enhance the conductivity of copper materials, which enables industrial application of copper–carbon nanocomposite films in the field of high conductivity materials.
New Carbon Materials (新型炭材料)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(NCM2024-39-03-07)
The chlor-alkali process plays a key and irreplaceable role in the chemical industry because of its use in various industrial processes. However, the low selectivity and efficiency of the reported chlorine evolution reaction (CER) electrocatalysts obviously hinder its practical use. We report a simple method for the controlled growth of high-performance CER electrocatalysts by first growing cobalt hydroxide on the surface of carbon cloth, followed by the in-situ growth of graphdiyne (GDY/Co(OH)2). As expected, the as-synthesized catalyst has a small overpotential of only 83 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a maximum Faradaic Efficiency (FE) of 91.54%, and a high chlorine yield of 157.11 mg h−1 cm−2 in acidic simulated seawater. Experimental results demonstrate that the in-situ growth of GDY on the Co(OH)2 surface leads to the formation of heterointerfaces with strong electron transfer between GDY and Co atoms, resulting in a higher conductivity, larger active specific surface area and more active sites, thereby improving the overall electrocatalytic selectivity and efficiency.
New Carbon Materials (新型炭材料)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(NCM2024-39-01-08)
The nitrate reduction reaction (NtRR) has been demonstrated to be a promising way for obtaining ammonia (NH3) by converting NO3− to NH3. Here we report the controlled synthesis of cobalt tetroxide/graphdiyne heterostructured nanowires (Co3O4/GDY NWs) by a simple two-step process including the synthesis of Co3O4 NWs and the following growth of GDY using hexaethynylbenzene as the precursor at 110 °C for 10 h. Detailed scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman characterization confirmed the synthesis of a Co3O4/GDY heterointerface with the formation of sp-C―Co bonds at the interface and incomplete charge transfer between GDY and Co, which provide a continuous supply of electrons for the catalytic reaction and ensure a rapid NtRR. Because of these advantages, Co3O4/GDY NWs had an excellent NtRR performance with a high NH3 yield rate (YNH3) of 0.78 mmol h−1 cm−2 and a Faraday efficiency (FE) of 92.45% at −1.05 V (vs. RHE). This work provides a general approach for synthesizing heterostructures that can drive high-performance ammonia production from wastewater under ambient conditions.
China Foundry•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s41230-025-5018-9
Abstract: Although the strengthening and grain refinement effects of TiB2 particles on aluminum alloys have been extensively studied, their influence on casting behavior remains relatively underexplored. In this study, the influence of different addition amounts of submicron TiB2 particles on the microstructure, casting performance, and mechanical properties of an Al-Cu (ZL205A) alloy was systematically investigated. The introduction of TiB2 particles leads to significant grain refinement, transforming the microstructure from coarse grains to fine equiaxed grains by providing additional nucleation sites and inhibiting grain growth. SEM and TEM analyses reveal that the added submicron TiB2 particles exhibit minimal effect on the distribution of intermetallic phases or precipitates. Casting performance, as evaluated by spiral fluidity and hot tearing tests, shows notable improvements with TiB2 additions. At a TiB2 content of 3wt.%, the fluidity length increases by 20%, and the hot tearing susceptibility coefficient decreases by 29%. These enhancements are mainly due to the refined grain structure and the formation of interdendritic bridging in TiB2-reinforced alloys. However, the overall enahncement in casting properties shows little variation across the TiB2 additions from 0.2wt.% to 3wt.%. Mechanical testing shows that the highest hardness and strength are achieved with a 1wt.% addition of TiB2 particles, primarily attributed to refined grain size and reinforcement of the aluminum matrix. Based on these findings, a TiB2 particle content of 1wt.% is recommended for optimizing both the casting performance and mechanical properties of the ZL205A alloy.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-025-3159-x
Developing highly active and stable air electrodes remains challenging for reversible solid oxide cells (R-SOCs). Herein, we report an A-site high-entropy engineered perovskite oxide, La0.2Pr0.2Nd0.2Ba0.2Sr0.2Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ (HE-LSCF), and its electrocatalytic activity and stability property are systematically probed for tubular R-SOCs. The HE-LSCF air electrode exhibits excellent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity with a low polarization resistance of 0.042 Ω·cm2 at 700°C, which is much lower than that of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ (LSCF), indicating the excellent catalytic activity of HE-LSCF. Meanwhile, the tubular R-SOCs with HE-LSCF shows a high peak power density of 1.18 W·cm−2 in the fuel cell mode and a promising electrolysis current density of −0.52 A·cm−2 at 1.5 V in the electrolysis mode with H2 (~10% H2O) atmosphere at 700°C. More importantly, the tubular R-SOCs with HE-LSCF shows favorable stability under 180 h reversible cycling test. Our results show the high-entropy design can significantly enhance the activity and robustness of LSCF electrode for tubular R-SOCs.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01611-1
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs) have received considerable attention in local strain engineering due to their extraordinary mechanical flexibility, electronic structure, and optical properties. The strain-induced out-of-plane deformations in 2D TMDCs lead to diverse excitonic behaviors and versatile modulations in optical properties, paving the way for the development of advanced quantum technologies, flexible optoelectronic materials, and straintronic devices. Research on local strain engineering on 2D TMDCs has been delved into fabrication techniques, electronic state variations, and quantum optical applications. This review begins by summarizing the state-of-the-art methods for introducing local strain into 2D TMDCs, followed by an exploration of the impact of local strain engineering on optical properties. The intriguing phenomena resulting from local strain, such as exciton funnelling and anti-funnelling, are also discussed. We then shift the focus to the application of locally strained 2D TMDCs as quantum emitters, with various strategies outlined for modulating the properties of TMDC-based quantum emitters. Finally, we discuss the remaining questions in this field and provide an outlook on the future of local strain engineering on 2D TMDCs.