Opto-Electronic Advances (光电进展)•2026•DOI: 10.29026/oea.2026.260049
Spatial light modulators (SLMs) are indispensable in three-dimensional holographic displays, additive manufacturing, quantum optics, and adaptive imaging. The critical performance metric is spatiotemporal product density (STPD), defined as the number of independently addressable pixels per unit area multiplied by the modulation rate. Practical real-time 3D holography demands an STPD on the order of 10^12 pixels/(s·cm^2), a benchmark far beyond existing commercial and research SLM technologies. Liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) and digital micromirror devices (DMD) have advanced steadily but remain constrained by pixel sizes of several micrometers—much larger than visible wavelengths. In LCoS, liquid crystal layer thickness and fringing-field effects limit pixel scalability without crosstalk or degraded phase modulation. In DMDs, mechanical constraints such as hinge stiffness restrict mirror miniaturization and switching speed. Achieving true wavelength-scale pixilated modulation in the visible range remains a formidable challenge, motivating exploration beyond conventional electro-optic and microelectromechanical systems. Metasurfaces have emerged as a versatile platform for subwavelength wavefront engineering, and their integration with commercial SLMs has improved spot-count scaling, dimensional conversion, and field-of-view expansion. Active metadevices based on phase-change materials and electrochemical actuation offer dynamic tuning but are typically limited to single-parameter modulation and millisecond-scale responses. Electrically addressed schemes, including liquid crystal-integrated metasurfaces and indium tin oxide (ITO)-based devices, present promising alternatives for pixel miniaturization, yet most implementations support only one-dimensional beam steering and still rely on micrometer-scale addressing. A recent work reports an optically addressed metasurface spatial light modulator (OA-MSLM) that achieves sub-micron pixel pitch with optical addressing of independently tunable meta-atom supercells. The device enables real-time complex-amplitude holography, three-dimensional focusing, and wide-angle beam steering in the visible spectrum. This approach represents a revolutionary paradigm in wavefront control, promising scalable platforms for three-dimensional display, additive manufacturing, and adaptive optics.
Opto-Electronic Advances (光电进展)•2026•DOI: 10.29026/oea.2026.250150
This study presents the first demonstration of a fast step heterodyne light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (SH-LITES) sensor utilizing a high-frequency quartz tuning fork (QTF) with a resonant frequency of approximately 100 kHz. The theoretical basis of heterodyne LITES (H-LITES) signal generation is analyzed, and an acetylene (C2H2) H-LITES sensor is constructed to evaluate performance. Comparative experiments between the high-frequency QTF and a standard commercial QTF (resonant frequency ~32.768 kHz) reveal that the high-frequency QTF achieves a tenfold faster response time, with a measurement cycle of 33 ms—90% shorter than commercial counterparts. The proposed SH-LITES technique further reduces the scanning time to 15 ms, representing the shortest LITES measurement time reported to date. To validate dynamic gas detection capabilities, an H2O-LITES system integrating both QTF types is employed for real-time monitoring of H2O concentration during various respiration patterns. Results demonstrate that SH-LITES more accurately captures rapid H2O concentration fluctuations during respiration, outperforming the commercial QTF-based H-LITES sensor in fast-response scenarios. These findings establish a new benchmark for high-speed trace gas sensing with potential applications in combustion diagnostics, healthcare monitoring, and environmental surveillance.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01834-w
Refractory wounds cause significant harm to the health of patients and the most common treatments in clinical practice are surgical debridement and wound dressings. However, certain challenges, including surgical difficulty, lengthy recovery times, and a high recurrence rate persist. Conductive hydrogel dressings with combined monitoring and therapeutic properties have strong advantages in promoting wound healing due to the stimulation of endogenous current on wounds and are the focus of recent advancements. Therefore, this review introduces the mechanism of conductive hydrogel used for wound monitoring and healing, the materials selection of conductive hydrogel dressings used for wound monitoring, focuses on the conductive hydrogel sensor to monitor the output categories of wound status signals, proving invaluable for non-invasive, real-time evaluation of wound condition to encourage wound healing. Notably, the research of artificial intelligence (AI) model based on sensor derived data to predict the wound healing state, AI makes use of this abundant data set to forecast and optimize the trajectory of tissue regeneration and assess the stage of wound healing. Finally, refractory wounds including pressure ulcers, diabetes ulcers and articular wounds, and the corresponding wound monitoring and healing process are discussed in detail. This manuscript supports the growth of clinically linked disciplines and offers motivation to researchers working in the multidisciplinary field of conductive hydrogel dressings.
Atomic Energy Science and Technology (原子能科学技术)•2025•DOI: 10.7538/yzk.2025.youxian.0341
To generate a neutron beam exhibiting a Maxwellian energy distribution with narrow emission angles for measuring the neutron capture reaction rates of the s-process nuclides, a monoenergetic 3.4 MeV proton beam produced by the tandem-accelerator in the China Institute of Atomic Energy was utilized. The proton beam was first transmitted through a 60.5 μm aluminum foil and then impinged on a natural LiF target to produce neutron beam via 7Li(p, n)7Be reaction. The quasi-Gaussian energy distribution of protons in the LiF target resulted in neutron energy spectra that agreed with a Maxwellian energy distribution at kT=(22±2) keV, which was achieved by integrating neutrons detected within an emission angle of 65.0°±2.6° using a 6Li glass detector positioned at 65° relative to the proton beam direction. The narrow angular spread of the Maxwellian-distributed neutron beam enables direct measurement of neutron capture cross-sections for most s-process nuclides, overcoming previous experimental limitations associated with broad angular distributions.
Int. Journal of Mining Science and Technology (采矿与安全工程)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.10.006
Although significant progress has been made in micromechanical characterization and upscaling of homogeneous materials, systematic investigations into deposition-controlled micro–macro rheological relationships in heterogeneous sedimentary soft rocks remain limited, particularly concerning time-dependent viscous parameter upscaling. This study investigates six typical fluvial and lacustrine microfacies from the Ordos Basin, China, including riverbed lag, natural levee, floodplain lake, point bar, sheet sand, and shallow lake mud. Mineral composition and microstructure are characterized, and nanoindentation creep tests quantify viscoelastic properties. A micro–macro upscaling method that transforms the time-domain Burger model into the frequency domain and utilizes three traditional homogenization schemes: dilute approximation, Mori-Tanaka, and self-consistent methods, for comparative estimation of macroscopic rheological parameters is proposed. Microstructural analysis demonstrates distinct fabric patterns controlled by depositional energy. Floodplain lake and sheet sand microfacies show superior rheological stability due to dense quartz skeletons, whereas riverbed lag and shallow lake mud perform poorly, caused by skeleton relaxation and clay-dominated slip, respectively. The point bar microfacies exhibits a “rigid-soft hybrid” behavior, with high long-term stability but reduced transient stability. Comparatively, the frequency-domain upscaling framework developed in this study, incorporating the Mori-Tanaka scheme, demonstrates satisfactory agreement with experimental data, validating its capability to predict macroscopic viscoelastic properties from microstructural features.
Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering•2025•DOI: 10.1186/s10033-025-01350-3
The fused quartz hemispherical resonator is the core component of the hemispherical resonator gyroscope. It features a complex shape and is made from a material that is difficult to process. Scratches are easily introduced during grinding, potentially degrading the mass-stiffness-damping symmetry; however, the underlying mechanisms of this influence have not been fully understood. This paper aims to investigate the effects of scratch defects on the frequency splitting and quality factor of the hemispherical resonator. First, finite element models of the hemispherical resonator with scratches are established. Then, the effects of the mass-stiffness factor, as well as the latitude and length of the scratches, on frequency splitting are analyzed. Furthermore, the impacts of latitude, length, and the first four harmonics of the unbalanced mass caused by scratches on thermoelastic damping and anchor loss are examined. Simulation results indicate that scratches above 55° latitude cause frequency splitting solely due to stiffness changes. Frequency splitting caused by scratches of the same size on the inherent rigidity shaft at the rim is approximately 50% of that near the transition fillet. Frequency splitting varies linearly with the volume of material removed by scratches. Scratches have little effect on thermoelastic damping. The first three harmonics of the unbalanced mass due to scratches at the rim are the primary contributors to anchor loss. Finally, focused ion beam trimming experiments are conducted at different locations on the hemispherical resonator. The trends observed in the experimental results are consistent with the simulation results. This work provides guidance for evaluating the impact of scratches on the performance of hemispherical resonators and for developing appropriate trimming processes.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-025-3158-y
In this study, compositionally complex cobaltites with the general formula BaLnCo2O6−δ with three to eight different lanthanides at the Ln-site were synthesized using the solid-state reaction method and studied. Analysis of entropy metrics and configurational entropy calculations indicated that these compounds are medium entropy oxides. All of these crystallize as tetragonal double perovskites from the space group P4/mmm. The unit cell parameters are controlled by the average ionic radius, not the configurational entropy. On the other hand, the oxygen non-stoichiometry is consistently higher than in the case of low entropy double perovskite cobaltites. The total electrical conductivity of all materials in studied conditions is well above 50 S/cm, peaking at 1487 S/cm for BaLa1/3Nd1/3Gd1/3Co2O6−δ at 300°C. The electrical conductivity decreases with the number of substituents.