• • The OA-MSLM achieves sub-micron pixel pitch, breaking the several-micrometer pixel size barrier of commercial LCoS and DMD devices. This enables an STPD approaching 10^12 pixels/(s·cm^2), the threshold for practical real-time 3D holography, which existing technologies cannot reach.
• • Optical addressing of independently tunable meta-atom supercells eliminates the fringing-field crosstalk and hinge stiffness constraints that limit LCoS and DMD scaling. This allows independent complex-amplitude modulation at visible wavelengths, a capability absent in single-parameter phase-change or electrochemical metadevices.
• • The device demonstrates real-time complex-amplitude holography, three-dimensional focusing, and wide-angle beam steering in the visible spectrum. These functions are achieved without the millisecond-scale response limitations of phase-change materials or the one-dimensional beam steering restriction of most electrically addressed metasurfaces.
• • The OA-MSLM architecture supports scalable platforms for three-dimensional display, additive manufacturing, and adaptive optics. By decoupling pixel size from electrical addressing constraints, it offers a pathway to overcome the spatiotemporal product density bottleneck that has stalled SLM progress for decades.