Surface Technology (表面技术)•2026•DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.10.011
Conventional polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coatings for condensation heat transfer suffer from insufficient mechanical durability and high interfacial thermal resistance, limiting their industrial deployment. This study introduces a one-step, fluorine-free infrared nanosecond laser ablation strategy to fabricate superhydrophobic copper surfaces with integrated thermal conductivity. An H62 brass substrate was pre-coated with a PDMS/copper powder mixture and directly ablated in air. Orthogonal optimization identified scan spacing 200 μm, 20 passes, scan speed 150 mm/s, and PDMS:Cu mass ratio 2:1 as optimal. The resulting surface (SHS-Cu) exhibited a hierarchical micro/nanostructure with coral-reef-like micro-skeletons and nano-flocculent features, achieving a water contact angle (WCA) of 158.4° and sliding angle (WSA) of 6°. Mechanical stability tests showed WCA of 149° after 45 sandpaper abrasion cycles and 147.7° after 240 g sand impact. Thermal stability at 300 °C for 12 h maintained WCA >151.8° and WSA <9°. Continuous steam exposure for over 9 h preserved superhydrophobicity (WCA >151.4°), with full recovery after 100 °C heat treatment for 2 h. Condensation heat transfer coefficient (HTC) at ΔT = 1 K reached 2.12 times that of smooth copper for pure PDMS, and 5.85 times for the composite coating (2.76 times that of pure PDMS). The copper powder network reduces interfacial thermal resistance, synergizing with dropwise condensation. This method offers a scalable, environmentally benign route for high-performance condensation surfaces.
Surface Technology (表面技术)•2026•DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.12.009
Surface functional groups dictate the corrosion inhibition efficiency of nanomaterials, yet isolating their single-variable effect has remained intractable because particle size and carbon core structure typically co-vary during synthesis. This study employs a post-modification strategy to prepare three carbon dot (CD) variants with nearly identical particle size and graphitization degree but distinctly different surface terminations: carboxyl-rich (OCDs), thiol-rich (SCDs), and amino-rich (NCDs). Transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirm that the carbon cores are structurally equivalent, while surface chemistry differs markedly. Weight loss measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarization consistently rank inhibition efficiency (IE) in 1 mol/L HCl at 100 mg/L as NCDs (91.2%) > SCDs (86.6%) > OCDs (79.0%). The mechanism involves dual protection: adsorption film formation and induced oxide film densification. NCDs adopt a parallel adsorption configuration with the strongest binding energy, yielding the densest protective film and promoting a compact oxide layer. SCDs also adsorb in parallel but with weaker film-forming capability. OCDs cannot achieve parallel adsorption, exhibit the lowest binding energy, and produce the least dense films. These findings establish a direct structure–property relationship for surface group engineering of nanomaterial corrosion inhibitors, providing a validated experimental framework for designing high-efficiency inhibitors. The study is limited to 25 °C; future work will address temperature effects (40, 60, 80 °C), long-term dissolution–adsorption equilibria, and in situ characterization of Fe2+/Fe3+ ratios in the oxide film.
China Foundry (中国铸造 - 英文版)•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s41230-026-5062-0
The laser-clad Fe45 alloy coating inherently comprises multiple crystalline phases, resulting in a heterogeneous microstructural distribution that influences its performance. In this study, the rare earth yttria (Y2O3) was employed to modify laser-clad Fe45 alloy coatings, and the effects of Y2O3 addition on their microstructure, microhardness, and tribological properties were investigated. As the Y2O3 content increases from 0% to 0.3wt.%, the dominant microstructure transforms from columnar crystals to fine cellular and equiaxed crystals. The modified coating with 0.3wt.% Y2O3 achieves a surface hardness of 568 HV0.3 and a wear volume of 1,735.41 μm3, representing a 14.06% increase in hardness and a 51.16% reduction in wear volume compared to the undoped coating. Further increasing the Y2O3 content from 0.3wt.% to 0.9wt.% gradually leads to the emergence of a coarser feather-like microstructure, characterized by a dendritic framework with inter-dendritic equiaxed crystals. Concurrently, both the hardness and wear resistance of the coating decrease. Nevertheless, all Y2O3-modified coatings surpass the undoped Fe45 coating in both hardness and wear resistance. Appropriate Y2O3 doping effectively refines the Fe45 alloy coating’s microstructure and induces lattice distortion, thereby enhancing its hardness and wear resistance.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01733-0
Shuttle effect of polysulfides overshadows the superiorities of lithium–sulfur batteries. Size–sieving effect could address this thorny trouble rely on size differ in polysulfides and lithium ions. However, clogged polysulfides pose some challenges for cathode and are rarely recycled during charging/discharging. Herein, an amino functionalized titanium-organic framework is designed for modifying lithium–sulfur batteries separator to address the aforementioned challenges. Wherein, the introduction of amino narrows titanium–organic framework pore size, enabling functional separator to selectively modulate lithium ions and polysulfides migration using size-sieving effect, thereby completely suppressing polysulfides shuttle. Furthermore, the blocked polysulfides will be adsorbed on the separator surface by positively charged amino leveraging electrostatic adsorption, ensuring polysulfides to redistribute and reuse, and boosting active materials utilization. Significantly, the migration of lithium ions is not hindered since there are lithium ions transfer channels formed via Lewis acid–base interaction with the help of amino. Combined with these virtues, the lithium–sulfur batteries with amino functionalized titanium-organic framework modified separator enjoy an ultralow attenuation rate of 0.045% per cycle over 1000 cycles at 1.0C. Electrostatic adsorption and Lewis acid–base interaction cover deficiencies existing in the inhibition of polysulfides shuttle by size-sieving effect, providing fresh insight into the advancement of lithium-sulfur batteries.
China Foundry•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s41230-024-3072-3
Conventional Fe-C alloy parts used in mechanical transmission and braking systems exposed to the external environment often suffer from wear and corrosion failures. Surface coating strengthening technologies have been explored to improve the surface performance and prolong service life of these parts. Among these technologies, laser cladding has shown promise in producing Fe-based alloy coatings with superior interfacial bonding properties to the Fe-C alloy substrate. Additionally, the microstructure of the Fe-based alloy coating is more uniform and the grain size is finer than that of surfacing welding, thermal spraying, and plasma cladding, and the oxide film of alloying elements on the coating surface can improve the coating performance. However, Fe-based alloy coatings produced by laser cladding typically exhibit lower hardness, lower wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and oxidation resistance compared to coatings based on Co and Ni alloys. Moreover, these coatings are susceptible to defects such as pores and cracks. To address these limitations, the incorporation of rare-earth oxides through doping in the laser cladding process has garnered significant attention. This approach has demonstrated substantial improvements in the microstructure and properties of Fe-based alloy coatings. This paper reviewed recent research on the structure and properties of laser-cladded Fe-based alloy coatings doped with various rare earth oxides, including La2O3, CeO2, and Y2O3. Specifically, it discussed the effects of rare earth oxides and their concentrations on the structure, hardness, friction, wear, corrosion, and oxidation characteristics of these coatings. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which rare earth oxides influence the coating’s structure and properties were summarized. This review aimed to serve as a valuable reference for the application and advancement of laser cladding technology for rare earth modified Fe-based alloy coatings.