Surface Technology (表面技术)•2026•DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.12.002
Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are critical for protecting aero-engine and gas-turbine hot-section components, yet conventional yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings degrade severely above 1200 °C through phase destabilization, sintering-induced densification, and environmental attack. This review systematically analyzes high-temperature failure mechanisms governed by coupled oxidation, residual stress, and corrosion. Key degradation modes include thermally grown oxide (TGO) thickening and interfacial rumpling, tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation in YSZ, CMAS and molten-salt infiltration, and water-oxygen synergistic erosion. The dynamic interrelations and nonlinear characteristics of these failure modes are clarified. Efficiency enhancement strategies are categorized into compositional optimization (novel ceramics, multi-component solid solutions, reactive-element doping), microstructural design (lamellar, columnar, and functionally graded architectures), and post-treatment (laser remelting, vacuum heat treatment). Quantitative benchmarks demonstrate that at 1200 °C thermal cycling, BPS coatings remain intact after 250 cycles versus spallation of 8YSZ at 150 cycles, indicating a ≥67% lifetime improvement. Vacuum heat treatment suppresses bond-coat damage, reducing oxide content by ~80% and porosity by ~90% after 400 h isothermal oxidation. These findings provide a theoretical and technical basis for rational design of next-generation high-performance, long-life TBCs.
Surface Technology (表面技术)•2026•DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.12.006
Aluminum-lithium alloys are critical aerospace structural materials but suffer localized corrosion in chloride environments, necessitating protective coatings that also resist ultraviolet degradation. Conventional epoxy coatings are brittle, prone to microcracking, and photodegrade under UV radiation, leading to chalking, discoloration, and loss of barrier properties. This study synthesizes sheet-like CeO2 nanoparticles via reverse precipitation and functionalizes them with vinyl triethoxysilane (VTEO) and γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH550) to enhance interfacial compatibility and dispersion in an epoxy matrix. The resulting VTEO−CeO2/Epoxy and KH550−CeO2/Epoxy composite coatings are systematically characterized using FT-IR, XRD, and TEM, confirming successful silane grafting. UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy reveal that modified CeO2 absorbs UV radiation more strongly and converts it to harmless heat, delaying photoxidative degradation of aromatic ether and CH3−C bonds in the epoxy. After 168 h of UV accelerated aging, the VTEO−CeO2/Epoxy coating exhibits the lowest corrosion current density (3.175×10−7 A/cm2) and larger capacitive arc radius, indicating superior and stable corrosion resistance. Contact angle tests show minimal hydrophilicity change after aging. The self-healing mechanism involves Ce3+ reacting with water and oxygen at damage sites to form insoluble CeO2 and Ce(OH)3, blocking micropores and inhibiting corrosive media ingress. This work provides a viable strategy for multifunctional epoxy coatings with integrated UV shielding, corrosion inhibition, and autonomous self-healing for aerospace applications.
China Foundry•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s41230-026-5150-1
Optimizing the mechanical properties and fluidity of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys in high-pressure die casting (HPDC) is critical for manufacturing thin-walled components with large sizes. The performance and fluidity of castings over long flow distances depend on the precise control of solidification behavior during the complex HPDC process. In this study, an AlSi10MnMg alloy was fabricated using a fluidity test mold with three channels of different thicknesses to investigate the influence of varying TiB2 content on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and fluidity of the alloy during long-distance filling in HPDC. Results indicate that the addition of 0.018wt.% TiB2 significantly reduces externally solidified crystals (ESCs) and porosity contents, improving the filling distance from 1,700 mm to 1,833 mm. The reduction in ESCs in the castings by TiB2 is attributed to its ability to promote the migration of ESCs from the shot sleeve toward the melt center, where temperature and flow velocity are higher. At a filling distance of 1,300 mm, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS), and elongation increase notably with addition of 0.018wt.% TiB2. When the addition of TiB2 increases to 0.036wt.%, the area fraction of ESCs in the channel increases compared to that with 0.018wt.%, and the filling distance slightly decreases to 1,796.9 mm. The mechanical properties of the alloy with 0.036wt.% TiB2 are better than those of the alloy with 0.018wt.% TiB2 over short distances, but become inferior beyond 1,000 mm. This work reveals the role of TiB2 in regulating solidification and flow during long-range filling, offering new insights into the processability of HPDC Al-Si alloys.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01686-4
Despite great progress in developing mode-selective light emission technologies based on self-emitting materials, few rewritable displays with mode-selective multiple light emissions have been demonstrated. Herein, we present a rewritable triple-mode light-emitting display enabled by stimuli-interactive fluorescence (FL), room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP), and electroluminescence (EL). The display comprises coplanar electrodes separated by a gap, a polymer composite with FL inorganic phosphors (EL/FL layer), and a polymer composite with solvent-responsive RTP additives (RTP layer). Upon 254 nm UV exposure, a dual-mode emission of RTP and FL occurs from the RTP and EL/FL layers, respectively. When a polar liquid, besides water, is applied on the display and an AC field is applied between the coplanar electrodes, EL from the EL/FL layer is triggered, and the display operates in a triple mode. Interestingly, when water is applied to the display, the RTP mode is deactivated, rendering the display to operate in a dual mode of FL and EL. By manipulating the evaporation of the applied polar liquids and water, the mode-selective light emission of FL, RTP, and EL is rewritable in the triple-mode display. Additionally, a high-security full-color information encryption display is demonstrated, wherein the information of digital numbers, letters, and Morse code encoded in one optical mode is only deciphered when properly matched with that encoded in the other two modes. Thus, this article outlines a strategy to fulfill the substantial demand for high-security personalized information based on room-temperature multi-light-emitting displays.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01653-z
Seawater electrolysis offers a promising pathway to generate green hydrogen, which is crucial for the net-zero emission targets. Indirect seawater electrolysis is severely limited by high energy demands and system complexity, while the direct seawater electrolysis bypasses pre-treatment, offering a simpler and more cost-effective solution. However, the chlorine evolution reaction and impurities in the seawater lead to severe corrosion and hinder electrolysis’s efficiency. Herein, we review recent advances in the rational design of chlorine-suppressive catalysts and integrated electrolysis systems architectures for chloride-induced corrosion, with simultaneous enhancement of Faradaic efficiency and reduction of electrolysis’s cost. Furthermore, promising directions are proposed for durable and efficient seawater electrolysis systems. This review provides perspectives for seawater electrolysis toward sustainable energy conversion and environmental protection.
Int. Journal of Mining Science and Technology (采矿与安全工程)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.08.007
Fracability evaluation is critical for efficiently extracting deep shale gas using hydraulic fracturing to avoid blind drilling and fracking. However, existing fracability indices often fail to systematically consider the mechanical behavior of rocks at high temperatures and high pressures (HTHP), coupled with geostress distributions and heterogeneous reservoir characteristics. This critical omission limits their effectiveness in accurately identifying the optimal fracability sweet spots within deep reservoirs. In this work, a fracability evaluation model was proposed based on the combined weighting method, integrating the improved brittleness index, rock strength, geostresses and natural weakness characteristics. A fracability grading evaluation was carried out to determine the potential fracture characteristics corresponding to shales with different fracability levels. Additionally, the fracability index was used for field validation and applications. Results show that rock brittleness and fracability are not equivalent for deep reservoirs. The fracability index is closely related to the pay zones and actual gas production, with a correlation as high as 84%, implying that the proposed method has practical significance in both experimental and field applications. The above findings can provide theoretical guidance for the selection of fracturing candidates and the optimal design of fracturing in deep resource development.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-024-3026-1
To address the limitations associated with conventional Fenton processes, which often exhibit a restricted pH range and present challenges in terms of catalyst recovery and second pollutant, magnetic heterogeneous halloysite (HNT)/MnFe2O4 catalysts were optimally synthesized, which could achieve 90% removal efficiency for 50 mg/L methylene blue (MB) at pH 4–10 and have high hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) utilization efficiencies. In addition, the catalysts could be easily separated from a solution through magnetic separation. The degradation efficiency of MB exhibited remarkable resilience against common aqueous interferents with anions (NO3−, Cl−, SO4^2−, CO3^2−, HCO3−) and humic acid, demonstrating negligible inhibitory effects. Notably, carbonate species (CO3^2− and HCO3−) even elicited a promotional effect on the catalytic process. Furthermore, the removal efficiency of MB only decreased by less than 10% in the fifth cycle compared with that of a fresh catalyst. Furthermore, the HNT/MnFe2O4 catalyst effectively degraded various organic pollutants, such as benzohydroxamic acid, xanthate, and eosin Y. The excellent catalytic performance of the catalysts was attributed to the synergistic effects between HNT and MnFe2O4. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectra and quenching experiments indicated that the main reactive oxygen species that participated in the degradation process were ·OH and ·O2−. ·OH directly attacked MB molecules, and ·O2− accelerated the reduction of metal ions. Therefore, the catalysts showed considerable potential for organic pollutant degradation. This study provides valuable insights into the synthesis of novel catalysts and their practical applications in organic wastewater purification.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-024-3027-0
Traditional resistive semiconductor gas sensors suffer from high operating temperatures and poor selectivity. Thus, to address these issues, a highly selective nitrogen dioxide (NO2) sensor based on lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs)–lead molybdate (PbMoO4)–molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) ternary nanocomposites operating at room temperature was fabricated herein. The ternary nanocomposites were synthesized using an in situ method, yielding PbS QDs with an average size of ~10 nm and PbMoO4 nanoparticles in the 10- to 20-nm range, uniformly distributed on ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets with an average thickness of ~7 nm. The optimized sensor demonstrated a significant improvement in response to 1 ppm NO2 at 25°C, achieving a response of 44.5%, which was approximately five times higher than that of the pure MoS2-based sensor (8.5%). The sensor also achieved relatively short response/recovery times and full recovery properties. Notably, the optimal sensor displayed extraordinary selectivity toward NO2, showing negligible responses to different interfering gases. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to elucidate the underlying sensing mechanism, which was attributed to the enhanced specific surface area, the receptor function of both PbS QDs and PbMoO4 nanoparticles, and the transducer function of MoS2 nanosheets.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-024-3057-7
To advance the precise regulation and high-value utilization of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), this work systematically investigated five treatment strategies, including calcination, acid treatment, alkali treatment, acid treatment of calcined HNTs, and alkali treatment of calcined HNTs, to modulate their structural and application properties. The structural characteristics, surface properties, and methylene blue (MB) adsorption capacity of HNTs under multiple treatments were systematically analyzed. Calcination at varying temperatures modified the crystal structure, morphology, and surface properties of HNTs, with higher calcination temperatures reducing their reactivity towards MB. Moderate acid treatment expanded the lumen and decreased the surface potential of HNTs, significantly enhancing MB adsorption capacity. In contrast, alkali treatment dispersed the multilayered walls of HNTs and raised surface potential, reducing MB affinity. Acid treatment of calcined HNTs effectively increased their specific surface areas by leaching most of Al while maintaining the tubular structure, thereby maximizing MB adsorption. Alkali treatment of calcined HNTs destroyed the tubular structure and resulted in poor MB adsorption. HNTs pre-calcined at 600°C for 3 h and acid-treated at 60°C for 8 h exhibited an optimal specific surface area of 443 m2·g−1 and an MB adsorption capacity of 190 mg·g−1. Kinetic and Arrhenius equation fittings indicated that chemical reactions control interactions of acids and alkalis with HNTs. This study provides a comprehensive comparison and analysis of five treatment methods, offering insights into regulating the structures and surface properties of HNTs by controlling the treatment condition, thereby laying a foundation for their efficient utilization in practical applications.