Key Takeaways & Executive Findings
- •• A rewritable triple-mode light-emitting display (RE-TriLED) is developed, integrating fluorescence, room-temperature phosphorescence, and electroluminescence in a single device. • Mode-selective emission is achieved by controlled evaporation of polar liquids and water, enabling reversible switching between dual and triple emission modes. • The display enables high-security full-color information encryption, where data encoded in one mode is decipherable only when aligned with the other two modes. • This work provides a strategy for advanced multi-mode display technology with potential applications in anti-counterfeiting and secure information storage.
Abstract
Despite great progress in developing mode-selective light emission technologies based on self-emitting materials, few rewritable displays with mode-selective multiple light emissions have been demonstrated. Herein, we present a rewritable triple-mode light-emitting display enabled by stimuli-interactive fluorescence (FL), room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP), and electroluminescence (EL). The display comprises coplanar electrodes separated by a gap, a polymer composite with FL inorganic phosphors (EL/FL layer), and a polymer composite with solvent-responsive RTP additives (RTP layer). Upon 254 nm UV exposure, a dual-mode emission of RTP and FL occurs from the RTP and EL/FL layers, respectively. When a polar liquid, besides water, is applied on the display and an AC field is applied between the coplanar electrodes, EL from the EL/FL layer is triggered, and the display operates in a triple mode. Interestingly, when water is applied to the display, the RTP mode is deactivated, rendering the display to operate in a dual mode of FL and EL. By manipulating the evaporation of the applied polar liquids and water, the mode-selective light emission of FL, RTP, and EL is rewritable in the triple-mode display. Additionally, a high-security full-color information encryption display is demonstrated, wherein the information of digital numbers, letters, and Morse code encoded in one optical mode is only deciphered when properly matched with that encoded in the other two modes. Thus, this article outlines a strategy to fulfill the substantial demand for high-security personalized information based on room-temperature multi-light-emitting displays.
1. Introduction
Photoluminescent materials that emit either fluorescence (FL) or room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are of great interest in broad scientific and technological fields due to their unique optical properties and potential applications in displays, sensing, and security. However, achieving mode-selective multiple light emissions in a single rewritable display remains a significant challenge. Traditional displays typically rely on a single emission mechanism, limiting their versatility and functionality.
In this work, we present a rewritable triple-mode light-emitting display (RE-TriLED) that integrates stimuli-interactive fluorescence (FL), room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP), and electroluminescence (EL). The device architecture consists of coplanar electrodes, a polymer composite with FL inorganic phosphors (EL/FL layer), and a polymer composite with solvent-responsive RTP additives (RTP layer). By exploiting the differential responses of these layers to UV exposure, polar liquids, and electric fields, we achieve mode-selective emission that can be dynamically controlled. This innovative approach not only enhances the capabilities of multi-mode display technology but also opens new avenues for high-security information encryption.
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Seokyeong Lee, Jong Woong Park, Jihye Jang, Jin Woo Oh, Gwanho Kim, Jioh Yoo, Jong Gun Jung, Hyowon Han, Wei Jiang, Chang Eun Lee, Jungwon Yoon, Kaiying Zhao, Cheolmin Park (2025). Rewritable Triple-Mode Light-Emitting Display. Nano-Micro Letters. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01686-4
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is a rewritable triple-mode light-emitting display?
A rewritable triple-mode light-emitting display (RE-TriLED) is a display device that can emit light in three different modes: fluorescence (FL), room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP), and electroluminescence (EL). These modes can be selectively activated and deactivated using external stimuli such as UV light, polar liquids, and electric fields, allowing the display to be rewritten with new information.
How does the RE-TriLED achieve mode-selective emission?
The RE-TriLED achieves mode-selective emission by exploiting the different responses of its constituent layers to stimuli. Under UV exposure, both RTP and FL are emitted. When a polar liquid (other than water) is applied and an AC field is applied, EL is triggered, resulting in triple-mode emission. If water is used instead, the RTP is deactivated, leaving dual-mode emission (FL and EL). The evaporation of the liquid resets the display, enabling rewriting.
What are the potential applications of this technology?
The RE-TriLED has significant potential in high-security information encryption, anti-counterfeiting, and advanced display technologies. Its ability to encode information in multiple optical modes that must be aligned for decryption makes it ideal for secure data storage and authentication purposes.
What materials are used in the RE-TriLED?
The RE-TriLED uses a combination of materials including ZnS:Cu phosphor microparticles for fluorescence, a polymer composite with solvent-responsive RTP additives (such as DPP-BOH), and coplanar electrodes. The layers are composed of PDMS, PVA, PEO, and other polymers, with polar liquids like acetone or IPA used to trigger EL.
Is the RE-TriLED rewritable?
Yes, the RE-TriLED is rewritable. By evaporating the applied polar liquid (e.g., through heat treatment), the display returns to its initial state and can be rewritten with new information. This reversibility is a key feature of the device.
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