Surface Technology (表面技术)•2026•DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.11.008
The rapid wear failure of 65Mn steel plow surfaces under sandy/clayey tillage conditions, driven by abrasive wear and soil adhesion, necessitates advanced surface modification strategies. This study investigates a triple synergistic modification combining Ti/Mo doping, shot peening, and bionic texturing to enhance tribological performance under water-soil solution lubrication. 65Mn steel ingots with and without (0.1wt.% Ti + 0.2wt.% Mo) doping were cast, heat-treated (normalizing at 830°C, quenching at 800°C, tempering at 265°C), and subjected to ultrasonic shot peening (0.35 MPa, 300% coverage) and laser-textured bionic patterns (37% texture ratio) inspired by pangolin scales. Tribological tests under 20 N and 50 N loads revealed that Ti/Mo doping refined grains and formed TiC precipitates, increasing hardness from 414.7 HV to 496.9 HV and reducing friction coefficient and wear rate by 6.2–6.7% and 41.6–38.7%, respectively. Shot peening alone increased surface roughness (Ra 0.027 to 0.173 μm) and hardness (496.9 to 579.7 HV), reducing wear rate by 33.9–49.8% despite a 9.3–10.3% increase in friction coefficient. Bionic texturing alone reduced friction and wear by 8.6–7.1% and 25.6–40.9%, but limited by texture edge collapse. The combined shot peening/texture treatment reduced friction and wear by 24.1–20.0% and 74.1–77.0% versus doped-only samples. The full multi-modified layer achieved the lowest friction coefficients (0.104, 0.112) and wear rates (0.91×10⁻⁵, 1.24×10⁻⁵ mm³/(N·m)), representing reductions of up to 28.7%, 25.3% and 84.8%, 85.9% compared to the original sample. This “strong matrix-hard surface-antifriction interface” system offers a viable strategy for extending the service life of agricultural soil-engaging components.
Opto-Electronic Advances (光电进展)•2026•DOI: 10.29026/oea.2026.250150
This study presents the first demonstration of a fast step heterodyne light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (SH-LITES) sensor utilizing a high-frequency quartz tuning fork (QTF) with a resonant frequency of approximately 100 kHz. The theoretical basis of heterodyne LITES (H-LITES) signal generation is analyzed, and an acetylene (C2H2) H-LITES sensor is constructed to evaluate performance. Comparative experiments between the high-frequency QTF and a standard commercial QTF (resonant frequency ~32.768 kHz) reveal that the high-frequency QTF achieves a tenfold faster response time, with a measurement cycle of 33 ms—90% shorter than commercial counterparts. The proposed SH-LITES technique further reduces the scanning time to 15 ms, representing the shortest LITES measurement time reported to date. To validate dynamic gas detection capabilities, an H2O-LITES system integrating both QTF types is employed for real-time monitoring of H2O concentration during various respiration patterns. Results demonstrate that SH-LITES more accurately captures rapid H2O concentration fluctuations during respiration, outperforming the commercial QTF-based H-LITES sensor in fast-response scenarios. These findings establish a new benchmark for high-speed trace gas sensing with potential applications in combustion diagnostics, healthcare monitoring, and environmental surveillance.
Journal of Advanced Ceramics•2026•DOI: 10.26599/JAC.2026.9221339
Practical deployment of Li4SiO4 as a high-temperature CO2 sorbent requires pelletization, which inevitably densifies the microstructure and imposes severe CO2 diffusion limitations. Conventional sacrificial pore-forming agents address this issue but remain single-purpose, serving solely as structural templates without conferring chemical benefits. Here, we demonstrate that spent coffee grounds (SCGs), an abundant food-industry waste, can serve as a single-source modifier that achieves three colocalized enhancements in Li4SiO4 pellets: hierarchical pore engineering, in situ K-doping, and oxygen vacancy generation. The thermal decomposition of SCG creates an interconnected hierarchical macroporous network that effectively reduces intraparticle CO2 diffusion resistance. Meanwhile, the mineral-rich SCG ash provides in situ potassium doping, generating a localized eutectic molten carbonate phase that accelerates liquid-phase ion transport. Crucially, the transient reducing atmosphere during biomass combustion introduces oxygen vacancies into the silicate lattice; density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that these vacancies serve as highly active CO2 adsorption sites with a strongly exothermic adsorption energy of −0.914 eV. Benefiting from this triple-synergistic enhancement, the SCG-modified sorbent (LSO-50) achieves a CO2 adsorption capacity of 0.275 g/g at 650 °C under 15 vol% CO2, representing a more than fourfold improvement over unmodified pellets. When further combined with Na2CO3 codoping to promote additional eutectic formation, the optimized sorbent (LSON-50) reaches 0.330 g/g, retains 0.284 g/g after 50 adsorption–desorption cycles, and exhibits robust mechanical stability (< 10% attrition loss). By colocating structural, chemical, and defect features within a single biomass-derived modifier, this work establishes a scalable waste-valorization route for high-performance, eco-friendly CO2 capture.
Nano Research•2026•DOI: 10.26599/FRICT.2026.9441213
Nanocomposites have attracted significant attention as lubricant additives due to their advantages in reducing friction, enhancing wear resistance, and improving thermal and oxidative stability. In recent years, increasing research has explored how different types of nanomaterials (such as carbon-based materials, metallic nanoparticles, and ceramic phases) can use synergistic effects to achieve performance surpassing that of their single components. This review focuses on relevant studies published between 2020 and 2025, providing an updated overview of the advantages, synthesis methods, structures, dispersion stability, lubrication mechanisms, and tribological behavior of nanocomposites. Various structural types are discussed, including core–shell, layered, and in situ hybrid systems, along with their fabrication routes, such as sol–gel processing, hydrothermal synthesis, and surface modification strategies. The lubrication mechanism of nanocomposites is analyzed based on the material structure and the testing conditions. Particular attention is paid to the synergistic effects among multiple components within the nanocomposites and to how these synergies enhance tribological performance. Furthermore, the challenges faced by nanocomposites and potential future developments are discussed. This review aims to clarify the current status of nanocomposites as lubricant additives and facilitate their future application in advanced lubrication systems.
Int. Journal of Mining Science and Technology (采矿与安全工程)•2026•DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2026.01.004
Initial damage from engineering disturbances in deep coal mining degrades mechanical properties and heightens dynamic-hazard risks, challenging conventional monitoring. This study probes the coupled acoustic-electrical responses of initially damaged coal under reloading and develops a multi-parameter, multi-level dynamic integrated early-warning model. Using a true-triaxial Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) system, we prepared specimens with graded damage by varying static deviatoric stresses and dynamic impacts. Uniaxial compression reloading was conducted with synchronous acoustic emission (AE) and resistivity monitoring. Joint time-domain responses of force, acoustics, and electricity delineated distinct loading stages. Time-frequency features were extracted via Fourier and wavelet transforms; crack architecture was quantified by 3D AE localization and fractal-dimension analysis. Initial damage markedly reduced load-bearing capacity. Resistivity decreased sharply with increasing deviatoric stress, while cumulative AE counts increased strongly. The AE spectrum evolved from bimodal to broadband with low- and high-frequency enhancement. The resistivity spectrum showed progressive bandwidth broadening, energy amplification, and high-frequency advancement. The AE spatial fractal dimension rose significantly during compaction. An integrated warning system combining multiscale entropy fusion, Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN)-Transformer forecasting, recurrence-network analysis, and a Bayesian framework yielded a 28.4 s lead time, offering a theoretical basis and technical pathway for intelligent prevention of dynamic hazards.
China Foundry•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s41230-026-5146-x
Wire-arc directed energy deposition (WA-DED) has attracted considerable attention for the fabrication of magnesium (Mg) alloys due to its high efficiency, low cost, and rapid prototyping capability for complex components. However, the inherent rapid solidification and complex thermal cycling associated with WA-DED often result in coarse columnar grains and pronounced mechanical anisotropy, which severely limiting its application potential. In this study, a novel spiral oscillation (SO) strategy was implemented during WA-DED AZ31 Mg alloy to refine the microstructure, reduce mechanical anisotropy, and achieve a strength-ductility synergy. Specifically, the yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and elongation (EL) are increased by 9.7%, 38.1%, and 147%, respectively. These improvements by the SO strategy are primarily attributed to the promotion of columnar-to-equiaxed transformation (CET), a 74.2% reduction in maximum texture intensity, and a more uniform distribution of second-phase particles. Second-phase particles are primarily composed of Al8Mn5 and Al8Mn4Y. This study provides a novel strategy for microstructural control aimed at improving the performance of WA-DED AZ31 Mg alloy components.
Nano-Micro Letters•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01989-6
Two-dimensional materials for flexible energy storage commonly face huge challenges in limited active surface and hindered charge transport. Herein, we report an innovative asymmetric pseudocapacitor based on synergistic design of modified MXene and graphene, integrating gas-induced rapid expansion technology and precise surface chemical regulation methods. For graphene modification, rapid vaporization induces exfoliation and expansion of graphene oxide layers. Subsequently, pseudocapacitive oxygen-containing groups were selectively introduced through acid oxidation, yielding expanded-and-oxidized graphene (OEG) for positive porous-nanopaper electrode. For MXene modification, alkali-treated MXene underwent hydrazine assistance to facilitate gas expansion and –NH2 grafting, producing MXene-NH2 (NOM) for negative porous-nanopaper electrode. Density functional theory calculations show that –COOH more effectively modulate graphene’s electronic structure by inducing charge redistribution and creating active sites, thereby enhancing H+ adsorption and ion interactions compared to –OH. Meanwhile, –NH2 on MXene enable electron delocalization and dynamic Ti–N–H+ interactions, speeding up proton adsorption/desorption and boosting both pseudocapacitance and conductivity. Through collaborative optimized spatial architecture and surface properties, flexible OEGB and NOMB exhibited of 333.6 and 500.5 F g−1 at high mass loading, respectively. The assembled proton pseudocapacitor readily achieved energy and power densities of 58.9 Wh kg−1 and 3802 W kg−1, respectively, with excellent stability for potential applications.
Nano-Micro Letters•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01987-8
Highly active and stable FeOOH cocatalysts are essential for achieving optimal performance of BiVO4 (BVO) photoanodes. Despite offering remarkable structural stability, widely used thick FeOOH cocatalysts often suffer from insufficient hole transport capability, which hinders the overall activity. The present study demonstrates that a simple photoetching strategy is able to introduce gradient distributed oxygen vacancies (GOV) in the thick FeOOH layer and significantly enhances the photogenerated holes transport dynamics. The incorporation of GOV within FeOOH not only realizes the “relay transport” of photogenerated hole through the progressive upward shift of the valence band in the spatial distribution, but also provides abundant oxidation active sites by efficient hole trapping. These improvements effectively improve the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activities and mitigate photocorrosion by the instantaneous hole extraction. Consequently, the FeOOH-GOV layer enables the BVO/FeOOH-GOV photoanode to achieve an impressive photocurrent density of 5.37 mA cm−2 and a robust operational stability up to 160 h at 1.23 VRHE, setting new benchmarks for current density and stability in FeOOH-based BVO photoanodes. This work provides an effective avenue to optimize OER cocatalysts for constructing highly efficient and stable photoelectrochemical water splitting devices.
Int. Journal of Mining Science and Technology (采矿与安全工程)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.01.004
The thermal effects of coal combustion considerably influence the physical and chemical properties, structural characteristics, and stability of rocks, posing a serious threat to the safety of coal mining operations. In this study, the impacts of temperature on the physical and chemical characteristics (i.e., mineral phase, microstructure, and mechanical strength) of sandstone were investigated by employing experimental methods, including microstructural analysis, uniaxial acoustic emission (AE), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results indicate that temperature alters the mineral phase and the pore characteristics, and these two factors jointly affect the mechanical properties of sandstone. The influence of temperature on the mechanical strength of sandstone is categorized into low-temperature strengthening and high-temperature damage, with a threshold temperature identified at 600 °C. The low-temperature strengthening effect encompasses both pore strengthening and mineral phase strengthening, while the high-temperature damage effect primarily results from pore damage. As the experimental temperature rises, both the number of AE events and the AE energy transition from a surge in the post-peak failure stage to a stepwise increase during the loading process. This transition implies that the failure mode of the sandstone sample evolves from brittle failure to tensile failure.
Int. Journal of Mining Science and Technology (采矿与安全工程)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.04.007
To investigate the instability mechanisms of heterogeneous geological structures in goaf area roofs, three-point bending tests (TPBT) and numerical simulations are performed on composite coal-rock (CCR). Acoustic emission (AE) monitoring is employed to analyze key parameters, establishing a multi-parameter quantitative system for CCR fracture processes. The impact of lithological homogeneity on fracture evolution and energy migration is examined. Results show that CCR exhibits a three-stage mechanical response: weak contact, strong contact, and post-peak stages, each with distinct crack evolution patterns. A positive correlation is found between lithological homogeneity and tensile crack proportion. No significant correlation is observed between AE average frequency (AF) and AE counts across different lithological CCR; however, peak frequency (PF) displays clear lithology-dependent characteristics. The regulatory effect of the rock homogeneity coefficient (u) on crack derivation mechanisms is quantified, yielding mathematical relationships between fracture strength (f), crack propagation path angle (b), crack fractal dimension (D), and u. The study highlights how different fracture modes alter energy migration pathways, confirming the coupling effect of grain distribution on mechanical response and crack propagation, and the influence of parameter u on critical energy release zones. These findings offer new insights into CCR failure mechanisms for mining safety.
Int. Journal of Mining Science and Technology (采矿与安全工程)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.10.008
Deep mining is imperative, and the consequent coal and gas outburst disasters triggered during coal uncovering are becoming increasingly severe. Therefore, this study investigated the mechanical mechanisms of outburst instability from three dimensions: experiment, numerical simulation, and field application. Based on physical simulation tests with different outburst pore diameter, it was found that the gas pressure relief rate, gas emission volume, and outburst dynamic phenomena increase with outburst pore diameter. The migration patterns of the gas-solid two-phase flow evolved over time approximately into suspension flow, plug flow, dune flow, and stratified flow. The dominant influence of gas-driven tensile failure was amplified by uncovering coal area. The employment of the “fluid-solid-damage” coupling model revealed that coal damage, gas emission volume, deflection angle of outburst hole, roof displacement, maximum horizontal tensile stress, the horizontal tensile stress zone, the peak seepage force, and the damage zone all increased with uncovering coal areas. At the gas pressure of 0.74 MPa, when the uncovering coal areas were 3.189, 4.754 and 6.225 m, the total gas emission volumes were 4.72×10−4, 16.83×10−4, and 17.67 m2/s, deflection angles of outburst hole were 150.79°, 152.89° and 158.66°, the maximum roof displacements were 0.044, 0.046, and 0.325 m, and the peak seepage force were 0.85, 1.27, and 1.46 MPa/m, respectively. The regions of coal failure calculated by tensile failure criterion largely coincided with those calculated by the mixed failure criterion, far greater than those calculated by the shear failure criterion. As the increase of uncovering coal area, tensile weights of 80.72%, 89.78%, and 93.01%, respectively. Comparisons with field outburst cases showed that both gas emission volume and outburst hole deflection angle reflected the tensile failure of coal. The mechanical instability process of outbursts under the influence of uncovering coal area and gas pressure was analyzed, developing the progressive cyclical method of coal uncovering, which provided a novel approach for the achievement of safe coal mining.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-025-3093-y
To satisfy the demand for low-cost and long-range electric vehicles by the market, the commercialization of ultrahigh nickel cathode materials with high specific capacity and a wide electrochemical window is expected to facilitate the development of lithium-ion batteries. However, residual lithium compounds with a strong alkalinity cause difficulty in cathode preparation and indirectly affect the cycling stability of the cathode during cycling. Given the inevitability of the formation of residual alkali, a lithium-borate coating with an adjustable thickness was selected by controlling the formation of residual alkali. An additional lithium source was added to the synthesis process and converted into a thicker and more complete coating structure, which rendered the cathode with better cycle stability. As a result, the percentage of peak area of lithium carbonate on the surface-modified cathode surface exhibited a considerable decrease from 38.07% to 28.26%. The etching results show the formation of a uniform coating layer after boric acid treatment. The initial capacity of the treated cathode was 214.6 mAh·g−1 owing to the favorable effect of the surface coating, and the capacity retention raised from 59.35% to 90.75% and from 63.81% to 91.94% after cycling at 0.5 and 1 C current densities, respectively. The boric acid coating-modified strategy proposed in this paper considerably ameliorates the cycling stabilization of cathodes and provides superior commercial application value for ultrahigh nickel cathode materials.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01570-7
Efficient and stable photocathodes with versatility are of significance in photoassisted lithium-ion batteries (PLIBs), while there is always a request on fast carrier transport in electrochemical active photocathodes. Present work proposes a general approach of creating bulk heterojunction to boost the carrier mobility of photocathodes by simply laser assisted embedding of plasmonic nanocrystals. When employed in PLIBs, it was found effective for synchronously enhanced photocharge separation and transport in light charging process. Additionally, experimental photon spectroscopy, finite difference time domain method simulation and theoretical analyses demonstrate that the improved carrier dynamics are driven by the plasmonic-induced hot electron injection from metal to TiO2, as well as the enhanced conductivity in TiO2 matrix due to the formation of oxygen vacancies after Schottky contact. Benefiting from these merits, several benchmark values in performance of TiO2-based photocathode applied in PLIBs are set, including the capacity of 276 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 under illumination, photoconversion efficiency of 1.276% at 3 A g−1, less capacity and Columbic efficiency loss even through 200 cycles. These results exemplify the potential of the bulk heterojunction strategy in developing highly efficient and stable photoassisted energy storage systems.