Tribological Properties of Shot Peening/Bionic Texture Multi-modified Layers on Ti/Mo-doped 65Mn Steel Plow Surfaces

• • Ti/Mo doping (0.1wt.% Ti + 0.2wt.% Mo) increased matrix hardness from 414.7 HV to 496.9 HV via grain refinement and TiC precipitation pinning, reducing friction coefficient and wear rate by 6.2–6.7% and 41.6–38.7% under 20 N and 50 N loads, respectively. This directly addresses the need for a tougher substrate to resist abrasive wear in sandy soils, where pure 65Mn steel fails rapidly. • • Shot peening alone (0.35 MPa, 300% coverage) raised surface hardness to 579.7 HV and roughness (Ra) to 0.173 μm, increasing friction coefficient by 9.3–10.3% but reducing wear rate by 33.9–49.8%. The hardness gain outweighs the roughness penalty for wear resistance, making it a cost-effective hardening step for plow surfaces subject to high-stress abrasion. • • Bionic texturing alone (37% texture ratio) reduced friction coefficient and wear rate by 8.6–7.1% and 25.6–40.9%, but did not increase hardness and suffered from texture edge collapse during friction. This limits its standalone efficacy, yet it provides lubrication enhancement when combined with a hardened subsurface. • • The combined shot peening/texture treatment on doped steel (DPT) achieved friction coefficients of 0.104 and 0.112 and wear rates of 0.91×10⁻⁵ and 1.24×10⁻⁵ mm³/(N·m) under 20 N and 50 N, respectively, representing reductions of up to 28.7%, 25.3% and 84.8%, 85.9% versus the original sample. This triple modification delivers a 3–6 fold improvement in wear life, directly translating to extended replacement intervals and reduced downtime for agricultural machinery.