Railway Engineering Science (铁道工程科学)•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40534-025-00400-9
This study presents a robust and efficient damage detection methodology for railway catenary systems, employing an encoder-decoder architecture supplemented by residual analysis. A novel signal segmentation strategy based on catenary structural features is introduced, coupled with a quasi-Welch method to mitigate edge effects. The investigation examines the impact of GPS inaccuracies on detection precision and conducts a comprehensive analysis of normalization techniques and their effects on defect identification. Two primary defect types are considered: hard points in the contact wire and periodic short-wavelength irregularities (PSWI), with variations in train speeds and defect magnitudes. A defect detection criterion is developed, enabling rapid and automatic identification of catenary defects. The integrated approach facilitates effective detection and accurate localization, overcoming limitations of previous methods such as the requirement for high sampling frequency. This work advances catenary inspection methodology and contributes to enhancing railway safety and reliability. The innovation lies in integrating the reconstruction capabilities of the encoder-decoder architecture with a residual-based defect detection method, allowing complementary features to synergistically improve detection performance.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01660-0
Compared with Zn2+, the current mainly reported charge carrier for zinc hybrid capacitors, small-hydrated-sized and light-weight NH4+ is expected as a better one to mediate cathodic interfacial electrochemical behaviors, yet has not been unraveled. Here we propose an NH4+-modulated cationic solvation strategy to optimize cathodic spatial charge distribution and achieve dynamic Zn2+/NH4+ co-storage for boosting Zinc hybrid capacitors. Owing to the hierarchical cationic solvated structure in hybrid Zn(CF3SO3)2–NH4CF3SO3 electrolyte, high-reactive Zn2+ and small-hydrate-sized NH4(H2O)4+ induce cathodic interfacial Helmholtz plane reconfiguration, thus effectively enhancing the spatial charge density to activate 20% capacity enhancement. Furthermore, cathodic interfacial adsorbed hydrated NH4+ ions afford high-kinetics and ultrastable C‧‧‧H (NH4+) charge storage process due to a much lower desolvation energy barrier compared with heavy and rigid Zn(H2O)6 2+ (5.81 vs. 14.90 eV). Consequently, physical uptake and multielectron redox of Zn2+/NH4+ in carbon cathode enable the zinc capacitor to deliver high capacity (240 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1), large-current tolerance (130 mAh g−1 at 50 A g−1) and ultralong lifespan (400,000 cycles). This study gives new insights into the design of cathode–electrolyte interfaces toward advanced zinc-based energy storage.
Int. Journal of Mining Science and Technology (采矿与安全工程)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.03.008
High-salinity wastewater treatment has always been a challenging issue. In this study, coal tar pitch was used as the carbon source and melamine as the nitrogen source to prepare coal tar pitch-based nanosheets (CPN-9) using a salt-template method. The desalination performance of CPN-9 was evaluated using flow-electrode capacitive deionization technology. The results showed that CPN-9 has a high specific surface area (466.34 m2/g), a rich pore structure (micro-/meso-pore volume was 0.28), excellent rheological properties, and hydrophilicity (contact angle of 20.44°), thereby accelerating ion transport. Electrochemical results indicated that CPN-9 exhibits a significant double-layer ion storage mechanism, with a specific capacitance of 176.66 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g. CPN-9 has a very low charge transfer resistance. The synergistic effect of aromatic carbon and nitrogen doping (the content of pyrrole and pyridine nitrogen was 36.40% and 35.83%, respectively) in coal tar pitch accelerates electron transfer in CPN-9. The good ion diffusion performance and low impedance of CPN-9 accelerate the ion exchange rate, resulting in outstanding desalination performance. At 1.2 V and 3% mass loading, with a CPN-9 to conductive carbon black ratio of 4:1, the average desalination rate, charge efficiency, and energy consumption reached 0.039 mg/(cm2 min), 48.47%, and 0.012 kWh/mol, respectively. In summary, this study optimized the structure of CPN-9 from the perspective of electronic and ionic transport, enhancing its desalination performance and providing theoretical support for the deionization of high-salinity wastewater.
Int. Journal of Mining Science and Technology (采矿与安全工程)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.08.002
The geological tectonic zone is closely related to outburst. Taking the outburst coal bodies in tectonic zones as the research object, combined with DIC and AE monitoring technologies and discrete element simulation, the mechanical response, crack evolution and energy characteristics of coal bodies under different loading rates (impact disturbances) were studied. The results show that both the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus are positively correlated with the loading rate, with a maximum increase in compressive strength of 25.15%. The uniaxial compressive strength is more sensitive to impact disturbances. The failure modes of coal bodies can be divided into the ''slip-crack synchronization (S & C) type'' and the ''crack-first-then-slip (C & S) type''. The slip in tectonic zones is more severe at high loading rates. At low loading rates, shear cracks dominate (60.01%), while the proportion of tensile cracks increases significantly (70.52%) at high loading rates. Additionally, the rate of axial crack growth decreases as the loading rate increases. The peak values of total energy and dissipated energy increase significantly with the loading rate, and the peak energy of the C & S type is greater than that of the S & C type. Energy is preferentially released through the slip of tectonic zones and the propagation of radial cracks.