Opto-Electronic Advances (光电进展)•2026•DOI: 10.29026/oea.2026.250267
Scene-level passive 3D imaging under natural conditions remains a critical unmet need, as established techniques such as structured light, LiDAR, and active stereo rely on controlled illumination and scanning, limiting their applicability to large, dynamic outdoor environments. Passive polarization 3D imaging offers inherent advantages for long-range, high-precision reconstruction but is fundamentally impeded by two obstacles: the π ambiguity of the azimuth component of surface normals and the discontinuity of multiple targets within a scene. This study introduces a scene-level passive polarization 3D imaging method that integrates binocular stereo vision with polarization cues. The reconstruction of discontinuous targets is formulated as a minimization problem, where pixel-level normal directions from polarization and absolute scale information from binocular stereo serve as mutual constraints for iterative optimization. This framework resolves the discontinuity challenge and recovers true depth. A scale normalization strategy globally aligns multi-view measurement data, eliminating inter-frame scale inconsistencies that hinder dynamic reconstruction. Multi-frame point cloud fusion yields the final scene-level 3D structure. Experimental validation on natural field scenes demonstrates robust, wide-scene, high-accuracy passive video reconstructions with centimeter-level precision. This passive polarization stereo approach represents a significant advancement in scene-level 3D imaging, with potential applications in autonomous navigation, environmental monitoring, and cultural heritage documentation.
Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials (含能材料)•2026•DOI: 10.11943/CJEM2026001
To improve rock fragmentation in open-pit deep-hole blasting, an in-hole layered column charge configuration was designed. Small-scale blasting tests on sandstone specimens were conducted under continuous and layered column charges to capture the failure process and final fragmentation. DEM-PBM coupled simulations visualized the dynamic fracture evolution and validated the experimental observations. Results show that under continuous charge, the top quarter of the specimen developed only a single blast-induced crack, splitting it into two parts, with horizontal fragment velocity of 2.0 m·s⁻¹ and a maximum block size of 9.0 cm. In contrast, layered charge produced multiple cracks in the top quarter, fragmenting it into smaller pieces, increasing horizontal velocity to 7.0 m·s⁻¹, and eliminating blocks larger than 5.0 cm. Simulations confirmed these trends, with maximum block size reduced from 8.8 cm to below 5.0 cm and velocity reaching 6.8 m·s⁻¹, closely matching experiments. Field trials in an open-pit coal mine overburden blasting demonstrated that layered charge reduced the boulder yield from 48.1% to 5.6%, significantly improving fragmentation. The findings confirm the practical effectiveness of in-hole layered column charge in enhancing rock breakage in deep-hole bench blasting.
Journal of Semiconductors (半导体学报 - 中国科学院半导体研究所)•2026•DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/26020057
Integrated silicon photonics has emerged as a transformative technology for post-Moore computing, offering high bandwidth, ultralow latency, and low energy consumption that surpass traditional electronic architectures. As AI models grow in complexity, the demand for high-speed, energy-efficient computing has intensified research into photonic accelerators. Matrix multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations, central to deep learning and combinatorial optimization, are particularly amenable to photonic implementation because light enables parallel multiplication and accumulation with minimal data movement. However, practical deployment has been hindered by challenges in large-scale integration, electro-optical co-packaging, analog computation accuracy, and compatibility with mainstream AI models. Two recent Nature studies have achieved pivotal breakthroughs: a 64×64 photonic arithmetic computing engine (PACE) with over 16,000 monolithically integrated photonic components, and a universal photonic AI accelerator. PACE employs a 2.5D hybrid packaging approach, cointegrating a 65-nm silicon photonics PIC and a 28-nm CMOS EIC via flip-chip bonding, achieving a minimum bump pitch of 100 μm and parasitic capacitance of 40–60 fF. Its incoherent optical computing architecture eliminates cross-channel interference and enables high-precision calibration. These works validate photonic accelerators as competitive alternatives to electronic AI chips, marking a critical step toward commercialization.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01826-w
Zwitterionic materials with covalently tethered cations and anions have great potential as electrolyte additives for aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZIBs) owing to their appealing intrinsic characteristics and merits. However, the impact of cationic and anionic moieties within zwitterions on enhancing the performance of AZIBs remains poorly understood. Herein, three zwitterions, namely carboxybetaine methacrylate (CBMA), sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA), and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), were selected as additives to investigate their different action mechanisms in AZIBs. All three zwitterions have the same quaternary ammonium as the positively charged group, but having different negatively charged segments, i.e., carboxylate, sulfonate, and phosphate for CBMA, SBMA, and MPC, respectively. By systematical electrochemical analysis, these zwitterions all contribute to enhanced cycling life of Zn anode, with MPC having the most pronounced effect, which can be attributed to the synergistic effect of positively quaternary ammonium group and unique negatively phosphate groups. As a result, the Zn//Zn cell with MPC as additive in ZnSO4 electrolyte exhibits an ultralong lifespan over 5000 h. This work proposes new insights to the future development of multifunctional zwitterionic additives for remarkably stable AZIBs.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01815-z
Metal halide perovskites, owing to their remarkable optoelectronic properties and broad application prospects, have emerged as a research hotspot in materials science and photovoltaics. In addressing challenges related to energy loss, photoelectric conversion efficiency, and operational stability in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), various strategies have been proposed, such as improving perovskite crystallization, developing tandem architectures, and advancing interfacial engineering. However, the specific impact of these approaches on internal energy transfer and conversion mechanisms within PSCs remains insufficiently understood. This review systematically examines the relationship between energy and perovskite materials throughout the photon absorption to charge carrier transport process, with particular focus on key strategies for minimizing energy losses and their underlying influence on energy-level alignment-especially in the electron transport layer and hole transport layer. It summarizes optimal absorption conditions and contributing factors during energy transfer, alongside representative case studies of high-performing systems. By elucidating these mechanisms, this work offers valuable theoretical insights for optimizing energy-level alignment, reducing energy dissipation, and guiding experimental design in PSCs research.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01697-1
The transition to renewable energy sources has elevated the importance of SIBs (SIBs) as cost-effective alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for large-scale energy storage. This review examines the mechanisms of gas generation in SIBs, identifying sources from cathode materials, anode materials, and electrolytes, which pose safety risks like swelling, leakage, and explosions. Gases such as CO2, H2, and O2 primarily arise from the instability of cathode materials, side reactions between electrode and electrolyte, and electrolyte decomposition under high temperatures or voltages. Enhanced mitigation strategies, encompassing electrolyte design, buffer layer construction, and electrode material optimization, are deliberated upon. Accordingly, subsequent research endeavors should prioritize long-term high-precision gas detection to bolster the safety and performance of SIBs, thereby fortifying their commercial viability and furnishing dependable solutions for large-scale energy storage and electric vehicles.
Journal of Semiconductors (半导体学报 - 中国科学院半导体研究所)•2025•DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/25050007
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a highly promising photovoltaic technology, achieving power conversion efficiencies exceeding 25%. However, stability remains a critical challenge due to degradation under heat, moisture, and operational stress. Fullerenes, particularly C60 and its derivative PCBM, have been widely used as electron-transport materials in PSCs, but they offer limited interfacial stabilization. Recent innovative approaches have focused on designing fullerene-based materials that not only facilitate electron conduction but also actively enhance and protect the perovskite interface for long-term stability. One approach involves a magnetic endohedral metallofullerene (Nd@C82) integrated into a polymer matrix (PMMA) to form a robust interface layer. This Nd@C82-PMMA layer simultaneously enhances electron extraction and provides in-situ encapsulation, achieving a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 26.78% (certified 26.29%) on small-area cells and 23.08% on a 16 cm2 module. Unencapsulated cells retained approximately 82% of their initial efficiency after 2500 h at 65°C and over 99% after 1000 h under damp-heat conditions. Another strategy involves chemically modifying C60 to create an ionic salt (CPMAC) that forms stronger electrostatic coupling with the perovskite, reducing interfacial defects and enhancing mechanical toughness. CPMAC-based cells achieved efficiencies up to ~26%, about 0.6% higher than pristine C60, and exhibited only one-third of the performance drop over 2000 h under thermal and humidity stress. These innovations demonstrate synergistic optimization of efficiency and durability in perovskite photovoltaics.
Int. Journal of Mining Science and Technology (采矿与安全工程)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.10.006
Although significant progress has been made in micromechanical characterization and upscaling of homogeneous materials, systematic investigations into deposition-controlled micro–macro rheological relationships in heterogeneous sedimentary soft rocks remain limited, particularly concerning time-dependent viscous parameter upscaling. This study investigates six typical fluvial and lacustrine microfacies from the Ordos Basin, China, including riverbed lag, natural levee, floodplain lake, point bar, sheet sand, and shallow lake mud. Mineral composition and microstructure are characterized, and nanoindentation creep tests quantify viscoelastic properties. A micro–macro upscaling method that transforms the time-domain Burger model into the frequency domain and utilizes three traditional homogenization schemes: dilute approximation, Mori-Tanaka, and self-consistent methods, for comparative estimation of macroscopic rheological parameters is proposed. Microstructural analysis demonstrates distinct fabric patterns controlled by depositional energy. Floodplain lake and sheet sand microfacies show superior rheological stability due to dense quartz skeletons, whereas riverbed lag and shallow lake mud perform poorly, caused by skeleton relaxation and clay-dominated slip, respectively. The point bar microfacies exhibits a “rigid-soft hybrid” behavior, with high long-term stability but reduced transient stability. Comparatively, the frequency-domain upscaling framework developed in this study, incorporating the Mori-Tanaka scheme, demonstrates satisfactory agreement with experimental data, validating its capability to predict macroscopic viscoelastic properties from microstructural features.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01494-2
Research efforts on electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials have begun to converge on green and sustainable biomass materials. These materials offer numerous advantages such as being lightweight, porous, and hierarchical. Due to their porous nature, interfacial compatibility, and electrical conductivity, biomass materials hold significant potential as EMI shielding materials. Despite concerted efforts on the EMI shielding of biomass materials have been reported, this research area is still relatively new compared to traditional EMI shielding materials. In particular, a more comprehensive study and summary of the factors influencing biomass EMI shielding materials including the pore structure adjustment, preparation process, and micro-control would be valuable. The preparation methods and characteristics of wood, bamboo, cellulose and lignin in EMI shielding field are critically discussed in this paper, and similar biomass EMI materials are summarized and analyzed. The composite methods and fillers of various biomass materials were reviewed. this paper also highlights the mechanism of EMI shielding as well as existing prospects and challenges for development trends in this field.