• Biomass materials offer lightweight, porous, and hierarchical structures that are advantageous for EMI shielding applications.
• The review systematically analyzes the EMI shielding mechanism and factors affecting performance, including pore structure, preparation process, and micro-control.
• Various biomass materials (wood, bamboo, cellulose, lignin) can be modified to achieve unique structures and enhanced EMI shielding performance.
• Challenges and future prospects for biomass-based EMI shielding materials are summarized, highlighting their potential for sustainable development.