Key Takeaways & Executive Findings
- •• Biomass materials offer lightweight, porous, and hierarchical structures that are advantageous for EMI shielding applications. • The review systematically analyzes the EMI shielding mechanism and factors affecting performance, including pore structure, preparation process, and micro-control. • Various biomass materials (wood, bamboo, cellulose, lignin) can be modified to achieve unique structures and enhanced EMI shielding performance. • Challenges and future prospects for biomass-based EMI shielding materials are summarized, highlighting their potential for sustainable development.
Abstract
Research efforts on electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials have begun to converge on green and sustainable biomass materials. These materials offer numerous advantages such as being lightweight, porous, and hierarchical. Due to their porous nature, interfacial compatibility, and electrical conductivity, biomass materials hold significant potential as EMI shielding materials. Despite concerted efforts on the EMI shielding of biomass materials have been reported, this research area is still relatively new compared to traditional EMI shielding materials. In particular, a more comprehensive study and summary of the factors influencing biomass EMI shielding materials including the pore structure adjustment, preparation process, and micro-control would be valuable. The preparation methods and characteristics of wood, bamboo, cellulose and lignin in EMI shielding field are critically discussed in this paper, and similar biomass EMI materials are summarized and analyzed. The composite methods and fillers of various biomass materials were reviewed. this paper also highlights the mechanism of EMI shielding as well as existing prospects and challenges for development trends in this field.
1. Introduction
The universal practice of mobile phones [1–3], computers [4], and other electronic devices [5–11] has transformed human society with unprecedented convenience [12–15]. However, this convenience comes at a cost, as these electronic devices are also responsible for electromagnetic interference (EMI) and pollution [16–20]. In fact, The World Health Organization (WHO) has listed electromagnetic radiation as the fourth largest source of environmental pollution after water pollution, air pollution and noise pollution. This escalating issue has sparked significant public concern [21]. It was found that electromagnetic pollution can obstruct the normal functioning of electronic equipment which would lead to malfunctions and potential data leakage. Additionally, it poses significant health risks to individuals such as headaches, insomnia, and lethargy [22, 23]. Therefore, it is crucial to prioritize the evolution of materials with efficient electromagnetic shielding to alleviate these risks while maintaining their properties for respective applications [24–27]. Figure 1a–c shows the potential source of electromagnetic waves in daily life and relevant studies published in the past few years. In recent years, the research on EMI shielding materials has gradually increased, but there are still relatively few studies on biomass EMI shielding materials. With people’s attention to electromagnetic pollution and environment, biomass EMI materials have been studied relatively more in the past two years. This allows us to see the prospect of biomass EMI shielding materials, this paper will introduce the current biomass EMI shielding materials preparation, characteristics for the reference of researchers.
In the past, studies of electromagnetic shielding materials focused on metal oxides [28–30], metals [25, 31], carbon-based materials [32–35], metal carbide [36], sulfide [37], magnetic materials, and polymer shielding materials (Fig. 2) [38–43]. Among these, metals (e.g., Fe, Ag, Ni, Cu, and Al) and their compounds have been extensively studied for their effectiveness in shielding electromagnetic and electrostatic fields [44–46]. It w
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Yang Shi, Mingjun Wu, Shengbo Ge, Jianzhang Li, Anoud Saud Alshammari, Jing Luo, Mohammed A. Amin, Hua Qiu, Jinxuan Jiang, Yazeed M. Asiri, Runzhou Huang, Hua Hou, Zeinhom M. El-Bahy, Zhanhu Guo, Chong Jia, Kaimeng Xu, Xiangmeng Chen (2024). Advanced Functional Electromagnetic Shielding Materials: A Review Based on Micro-Nano Structure Interface Control of Biomass Cell Walls. Nano-Micro Letters. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-024-01494-2
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Frequently Asked Questions
What are the advantages of biomass materials for EMI shielding?
Biomass materials are lightweight, porous, and hierarchical, offering advantages such as low density, high specific surface area, and tunable pore structures. These features enhance multiple reflections and absorption of electromagnetic waves, making them promising for EMI shielding applications.
How does the micro-nano structure interface control of biomass cell walls improve EMI shielding?
By controlling the micro-nano structure of biomass cell walls, researchers can tailor the pore size, porosity, and surface chemistry, which optimizes the impedance matching and increases the interfacial polarization, thereby enhancing the EMI shielding effectiveness.
Which biomass materials are commonly used for EMI shielding?
Common biomass materials include wood, bamboo, cellulose, and lignin. These can be chemically modified or combined with conductive fillers to improve their electrical conductivity and EMI shielding performance.
What are the main challenges in developing biomass-based EMI shielding materials?
Challenges include achieving high electrical conductivity while maintaining mechanical strength, scalability of production, and long-term stability. Additionally, the complex hierarchical structure of biomass requires precise control to optimize shielding performance.
What is the future outlook for biomass EMI shielding materials?
The future lies in developing sustainable, low-cost, and high-performance materials through advanced manufacturing techniques such as 3D printing and nanostructuring. Integration with smart functionalities and recyclability will also be key trends.
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