Opto-Electronic Advances (光电进展)•2026•DOI: 10.29026/oea.2026.250267
Scene-level passive 3D imaging under natural conditions remains a critical unmet need, as established techniques such as structured light, LiDAR, and active stereo rely on controlled illumination and scanning, limiting their applicability to large, dynamic outdoor environments. Passive polarization 3D imaging offers inherent advantages for long-range, high-precision reconstruction but is fundamentally impeded by two obstacles: the π ambiguity of the azimuth component of surface normals and the discontinuity of multiple targets within a scene. This study introduces a scene-level passive polarization 3D imaging method that integrates binocular stereo vision with polarization cues. The reconstruction of discontinuous targets is formulated as a minimization problem, where pixel-level normal directions from polarization and absolute scale information from binocular stereo serve as mutual constraints for iterative optimization. This framework resolves the discontinuity challenge and recovers true depth. A scale normalization strategy globally aligns multi-view measurement data, eliminating inter-frame scale inconsistencies that hinder dynamic reconstruction. Multi-frame point cloud fusion yields the final scene-level 3D structure. Experimental validation on natural field scenes demonstrates robust, wide-scene, high-accuracy passive video reconstructions with centimeter-level precision. This passive polarization stereo approach represents a significant advancement in scene-level 3D imaging, with potential applications in autonomous navigation, environmental monitoring, and cultural heritage documentation.
Journal of Advanced Ceramics•2026•DOI: 10.26599/JAC.2026.9221348
Advanced temperature-sensitive materials are critical for hypersonic propulsion and next-generation energy systems, yet long-term stability above 1000 °C remains a formidable barrier. Conventional transition-metal spinel oxides (e.g., Ni–Mn–Co–O) suffer phase decomposition and cation migration above 300 °C, causing exponential resistance drift. This work develops a Mo-regulated high-entropy ferroelastic niobate strategy for ultrawide-temperature negative-temperature-coefficient (NTC) thermosensitive ceramics. Density functional theory calculations reveal that A-site high-entropy facilitates Mo doping in (Ca0.2La0.2Ce0.2Eu0.2Gd0.2)NbO4. Mo doping broadens local atomic configurations, modulates ferroelastic domain structures, and increases atomic-scale displacement disorder, redistributing Hall transport contributions and reducing grain/grain-boundary transport barrier mismatch. The optimized HEN-0.2Mo ceramic exhibits highly linear Arrhenius behavior (R² = 0.99907) from −50 to 1250 °C with a B-value fluctuation of only 4.44%. High-temperature impedance analysis confirms closely matched grain and grain-boundary activation energies (Eg = 1.209 eV, Egb = 1.218 eV; ΔEa ≈ 0.009 eV). During 1250 °C aging, postdensification and strain redistribution yield a stabilized-stage resistance drift of only 1.09% after 1000 h. These findings demonstrate that entropy-stabilized defect engineering decouples sensitivity from degradation in functional ceramics under thermal stress.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01845-7
The development of highly efficient and durable bifunctional catalysts with minimal precious metal usage is critical for advancing proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). We present an iridium–platinum nanoalloy (IrPt) supported on lanthanum and nickel co-doped cobalt oxide, featuring a core–shell architecture with an amorphous IrPtOx shell and an IrPt core. This catalyst exhibits exceptional bifunctional activity for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions in acidic media, achieving 2 A cm−2 at 1.72 V in a PEMWE device with ultralow loadings of 0.075 mgIr cm−2 and 0.075 mgPt cm−2 at anode and cathode, respectively. It demonstrates outstanding durability, sustaining water splitting for over 646 h with a degradation rate of only 5 μV h−1, outperforming state-of-the-art Ir-based catalysts. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory simulations reveal that the optimized charge redistribution between Ir and Pt, along with the IrPt core–IrPtOx shell structure, enhances performance. The Ir–O–Pt active sites enable a bi-nuclear mechanism for oxygen evolution reaction and a Volmer–Tafel mechanism for hydrogen evolution reaction, reducing kinetic barriers. Hierarchical porosity, abundant oxygen vacancies, and a high electrochemical surface area further improve electron and mass transfer. This work offers a cost-effective solution for green hydrogen production and advances the design of high-performance bifunctional catalysts for PEMWE.
Journal of Semiconductors (半导体学报 - 中国科学院半导体研究所)•2025•DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/25050011
As the development of single-junction solar cells reaches a bottleneck, tandem solar cells have emerged as a critical pathway to further enhance power conversion efficiency. Among them, monolithic perovskite/silicon heterojunction tandem solar cells are currently the fastest-growing technology, achieving the highest efficiencies at relatively low costs. The interconnecting layer, which connects the two sub-cells, plays a crucial role in tandem cell performance. It collects electrons and holes from the respective sub-cells and facilitates recombination and tunneling at the interface. Therefore, the properties of the interconnecting layer are pivotal to the overall device performance. In this work, we applied statistical analysis and machine learning algorithms to systematically analyze the interconnecting layer. A comprehensive dataset on interconnecting layer parameters was established, and predictive modeling was performed using Lasso linear regression, random forest, and multilayer perceptron (a type of neural network). The analysis revealed key feature importance for experimental parameters, providing valuable insights into the application of interconnecting layers in perovskite/silicon heterojunction tandem solar cells. The final optimized interconnecting layer can achieve a proof-of-concept efficiency of 38.17%, providing guidance and direction for the development of monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells.
Int. Journal of Mining Science and Technology (采矿与安全工程)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.10.002
Retrogressive landslides in sensitive clays pose significant risks to nearby infrastructure, as natural toe erosion or localized disturbances can trigger progressive block failures. While prior studies have largely relied on two-dimensional (2D) large-deformation analyses, such models overlook key three-dimensional (3D) failure mechanisms and variability effects. This study develops a 3D probabilistic framework by integrating the Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) method with random field theory to simulate retrogressive landslides in spatially variable clay. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we compare 2D and 3D random large-deformation models to evaluate failure modes, runout distances, sliding velocities, and influence zones. The 3D analyses captured more complex failure modes—such as lateral retrogression and asynchronous block mobilization across slope width. Additionally, the 3D analyses predict longer mean runout distances (13.76 vs. 11.92 m), wider mean influence distance (11.35 vs. 8.73 m), and higher mean sliding velocities (4.66 vs. 3.94 m/s) than their 2D counterparts. Moreover, 3D models exhibit lower coefficients of variation (e.g., 0.10 for runout distance) due to spatial averaging across slope width. Probabilistic hazard assessment shows that 2D models significantly underpredict near-field failure probabilities (e.g., 48.8% vs. 89.9% at 12 m from the slope toe). These findings highlight the limitations of 2D analyses and the importance of multi-directional spatial variability for robust geohazard assessments. The proposed 3D framework enables more realistic prediction of landslide mobility and supports the design of safer, risk-informed infrastructure.
Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering•2025•DOI: 10.1186/s10033-025-01340-5
The cooperative control of ride comfort and handling stability in automobile suspension systems presents a significant challenge in intelligent chassis system design. This complexity arises from the high degrees of freedom, diverse operating conditions, and inherent trade-offs between performance metrics in full-car suspension systems. In this paper, a novel switching control strategy is proposed to better balance ride comfort and handling stability for a full-car suspension system. The system integrates a ride comfort controller and an anti-rollover controller, guided by a new rollover risk assessment indicator that requires fewer state variables. First, a vehicle suspension simplification model approach is introduced, reducing the fourteen-degree-of-freedom full-car suspension model to three two-degree-of-freedom models: vertical, pitch and roll. Based on these simplified models, vertical, roll, and pitch controllers are designed, simplifying the controller design process for full-car suspension systems. The ride comfort controller is constructed using the modal energy method in conjunction with the simplified model controllers, while the roll controller functions as the anti-rollover controller. The proposed rollover risk assessment indicator serves as the switching criterion between handling stability and ride comfort control. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed switching control strategy effectively adapts to various road conditions, enabling the semi-active variable damping suspension system to perform multi-modal switching. Compared to a well-tuned passive suspension, vertical, roll, and pitch accelerations are reduced by 14.13%, 13.02% and 13.08%, respectively, significantly improving ride comfort. Additionally, the system effectively mitigates rollover risk, achieving reductions in roll angle, roll speed, and roll acceleration by 19.69%, 16.40%, and 29.96%, respectively, thereby greatly enhancing vehicle safety. Overall, the proposed switching control strategy achieves a successful balance between ride comfort and handling stability, enhancing overall driving performance.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-025-3149-z
Novel hydrogen storage materials have propelled progress in hydrogen storage technologies. Magnesium hydride (MgH2) is a highly promising candidate. Nevertheless, several drawbacks, including the need for elevated thermal conditions, sluggish dehydrogenation kinetics, and high thermodynamic stability, limit its practical application. One effective method of addressing these challenges is catalyst doping, which effectively boosts the hydrogen storage capability of Mg-based materials. Herein, we review recent advancements in catalyst-doped MgH2 composites, with particular focus on multicomponent and high-entropy catalysts. Structure–property relationships and catalytic mechanisms in these doping strategies are also summarized. Finally, based on existing challenges, we discuss future research directions for the development of Mg-based hydrogen storage systems.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-024-2969-6
Simultaneously achieving high strength and high electrical conductivity in Cu–Ni–Si alloys pose a significant challenge, which greatly constrains its applications in the electronics industry. This paper offers a new pathway to improve properties, by preparation of nanometer lamellar discontinuous precipitates (DPs) arranged with the approximate same direction through a combination of deformation-aging and cold rolling process. The strengthening effect is primarily attributed to nanometer-lamellar DPs strengthening and dislocation strengthening mechanism. The accumulation of dislocations at the interface between nanometer lamellar DPs and matrix during cold deformation process can results in the decrease of dislocation density inside the matrix grains, leading to the acceptably slight reduction of electrical conductivity during cold rolling. The alloy exhibits an electrical conductivity of 45.32%IACS (international annealed copper standard, IACS), a tensile strength of 882.67 MPa, and a yield strength of 811.33 MPa by this method. This study can provide a guidance for the composition and microstructure design of a Cu–Ni–Si alloy in the future, by controlling the morphology and distribution of DPs.