Opto-Electronic Advances (光电进展)•2026•DOI: 10.29026/oea.2026.250323
Photonic integration, which incorporates multiple passive and/or active photonic components such as waveguides, modulators, lasers and detectors to form a functional circuitry on a single chip, has experienced exciting development. It enables manipulation of light with enhanced functionality, reduced form factor, and increased efficiency over bulky optical systems, with potential for applications in telecommunications, sensing, artificial intelligence, and quantum systems. In parallel, there is active research on photonic integration in an optical fiber platform. Optical fibers have been the backbone of our information society for several decades, and the field continues to develop. Beyond novel photonic crystal, photonic bandgap, and anti-resonant optical fibers, one area of significant development is the integration of novel structures and materials into optical fibers to achieve more functionalities. Examples include lab-in-fiber or lab-on-fiber technologies for biomedical applications, integration of two-dimensional and gas-phase materials with optical fibers for light manipulation, and semiconductor materials for nonlinear photonic applications. Recently, a review paper on three-dimensional integrated optical fiber devices was published in Opto-Electronics Technology. The review covers the concept and historic background of photonic integration in optical fibers, expansion of functionality by two- and three-dimensional structural modifications and material integrations, and a summary and future outlook. It includes methods such as direct fiber-drawing, side and end-face polishing, chemical etching, thermal splicing, diffusion, tapering and twisting, femtosecond laser micro-machining, assembly of microdevices and metasurfaces. Applications discussed include three-dimensional shaping sensing, refractive index sensing, chemical and biochemical sensing, polarizers and modulators, broadband photodetectors, beaming focusing and manipulation, OCT imaging, spectral filtering, vortex beam generation, and optical microfluidic devices. The field is still developing, with future directions including miniaturization of three-dimensional optical devices, distributed sensing units seamlessly integrated with optical fiber systems, optoelectronic hybrid chip and fiber integration, and integrating multifunctional photonic components into a slender optical fiber for biomedical applications.
Nano Research•2026•DOI: 10.26599/NR.2026.94908775
Flexible sensors have advanced rapidly to achieve skin-like multisensory capabilities, yet their performance is compromised by strain disturbances and multi-parameter interactions, impeding widespread deployment. Here, we report a flexible fibrous device with a patterned cellular structure enabling anti-strain interference, dual-parameter measurement, and static/dynamic detection. The patterned cellular fibrous structure achieves a heterogenous strain distribution that preserves sensing performance under 10% strain. The sensor integrates a piezoresistive component for low-frequency mechanical stimuli and a thermoelectric response to calibrate temperature-induced resistance changes. A hybrid piezoresistive/piezoelectric sensing platform was experimentally implemented for static pressure persistence and high-frequency acoustic excitation from 0 to 300 Hz. The hybrid tactile sensing achieved the highest material identification accuracy of 98.6%. This work provides valuable proposals to resolve practical constraints in flexible sensor applications, compelling advantages for broader wearable integration.
Nano Research•2026•DOI: 10.26599/FRICT.2026.9441216
The vibration and noise issues of lightweight friction pairs in suburban train braking systems have become a critical bottleneck restricting their engineering application. This study investigated lightweight friction pairs composed of three representative synthetic brake pads and an aluminum matrix composite brake disc. Utilizing tribological tests, interfacial wear analysis, and dynamic modeling, the study investigated the impact of interfacial wear and contact behaviors on vibration and noise and elucidated the mechanisms by which pad material properties influence these responses. The experimental findings revealed that the pad material properties significantly affect the wear behavior and friction-induced vibration and noise responses of lightweight friction pairs. The pad enriched with lubricating phases (Pad A) readily established stable lubricating films, while the highly plastic pad (Pad C) effectively captured wear debris to build the third-body layers that cushioned loads. Both reduced friction fluctuations and contact stiffness, thereby attenuating vibration and noise. Conversely, the high-hardness pad (Pad B) failed to form continuous lubricating films, leading to intensified friction, higher contact stiffness, and pronounced vibration and noise. Numerical simulations further confirmed that the friction coefficient and normal contact stiffness synergistically regulated system stability, directly affecting the vibration and noise responses. Systems characterized by high friction and large contact stiffness (Pad B) were particularly susceptible to modal coupling, resulting in dynamic instability and elevated vibration and noise levels. Therefore, optimizing the pad material properties and regulating the behavior of wear debris to facilitate the stable formation of lubricating films or third-body layers can effectively suppress friction coefficient fluctuations, reduce normal contact stiffness, and enhance interfacial stability, thereby mitigating vibration and noise. The findings provide a theoretical foundation and engineering guidance for optimizing the design of low-noise lightweight braking systems and selecting appropriate friction materials.
Nano-Micro Letters•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01999-4
With the widespread application of lithium batteries in electric vehicles and energy storage systems, battery-related safety and reliability issues have become increasingly prominent. Conventional monitoring methods often struggle to address dynamic changes under complex operando. In recent years, flexible sensing technology has emerged as a promising solution for battery health monitoring due to its high adaptability and conformability to complex structures. Meanwhile, empowered by artificial intelligence (AI) for data analysis, the collected data enables efficient and accurate state assessment, offering robust support for accident prevention. Against this background, this paper first explores the integrated applications of flexible sensors in battery health monitoring and their unique advantages in addressing complex battery operating conditions, while analyzing the potential of AI in battery state analysis. Subsequently, it systematically reviews mainstream flexible sensing technologies (e.g., film sensors, thermocouples, and optical fiber sensors), elucidating their mechanisms for revealing intricate internal battery processes during operation. Finally, the paper discusses AI’s role in enhancing monitoring efficiency and accuracy, and envisions future research directions and application prospects. This work aims to provide technical references for the battery health monitoring field as well as promote the application of flexible sensing technologies in improving battery system safety and reliability.
Nano-Micro Letters•2026•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01939-2
Single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) exhibit exceptional catalytic efficiency due to their maximized atom utilization and precisely modulated metal-carrier interactions, which have attracted significant attention in the biomedical field. However, stability issues may impede the clinical translation of SAzymes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the applications of SAzymes in various biomedical fields, including disease diagnosis (e.g., biosensors and diagnostic imaging), antitumor therapy (e.g., photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy), antimicrobial therapy, and anti-oxidative stress therapy. More importantly, the existing challenges of SAzymes are discussed, such as metal atom clustering and active site loss, ligand bond breakage at high temperature, insufficient environment tolerance, biosecurity risks, and limited catalytic long-term stability. Finally, several innovative strategies to address these stability concerns are proposed—synthesis process optimization (space-limited strategy, coordination site design, bimetallic synergistic strategy, defect engineering strategy, atom stripping-capture), surface modification, and dynamic responsive design—that collectively pave the way for robust, clinically viable SAzymes.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01828-8
The therapeutic efficacy of cuproptosis, ferroptosis, and apoptosis is hindered by inadequate intracellular copper and iron levels, hypoxia, and elevated glutathione (GSH) expression in tumor cells. Thermoelectric technology is an emerging frontier in medical therapy that aims to achieve efficient thermal and electrical transport characteristics within a narrow thermal range for biological systems. Here, we systematically constructed biodegradable Cu2MnS3-x-PEG/glucose oxidase (MCPG) with sulfur vacancies (SV) using photothermoelectric catalysis (PTEC), photothermal-enhanced enzyme catalysis, and starvation therapy. This triggers GSH consumption and disrupts intracellular redox homeostasis, leading to immunogenic cell death. Under 1064 nm laser irradiation, MCPG enriched with SV, owing to doping, generates a local temperature gradient that activates PTEC and produces toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hydroxyl radicals and oxygen are generated through peroxide and catalase-like processes. Increased oxygen levels alleviate tumor hypoxia, whereas hydrogen peroxide production from glycometabolism provides sufficient ROS for a cascade catalytic reaction, establishing a self-reinforcing positive mechanism. Density functional theory calculations demonstrated that vacancy defects effectively enhanced enzyme catalytic activity. Multimodal imaging-guided synergistic therapy not only damages tumor cells, but also elicits an antitumor immune response to inhibit tumor metastasis. This study offers novel insights into the cuproptosis/ferroptosis/apoptosis pathways of Cu-based PTEC nanozymes.
Nano-Micro Letters•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01677-5
Hybrid organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites have emerged as a promising material for high-efficiency solar cells, yet challenges related to crystallization and defects limit their performance and stability. This study investigates the use of perovskite quantum dots (QDs) as crystallization seeds to enhance the quality of FAPbI3 perovskite films and improve the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We demonstrate that CsPbI3 and CsPbBr3 QDs effectively guide the crystallization process, leading to the formation of larger crystals with preferential orientations, particularly the (001) and (002) planes, which are associated with reduced defect densities. This seed-mediated growth strategy resulted in PSCs with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 24.75% and 24.11%, respectively, compared to the baseline efficiency of 22.05% for control devices. Furthermore, devices incorporating QD-treated perovskite films exhibited remarkable stability, maintaining over 80% of their initial PCE after 1000 h of simulated sunlight exposure, a significant improvement over the control. Detailed optoelectronic characterization revealed reduced non-radiative recombination and enhanced charge transport in QD-treated devices. These findings highlight the potential of QDs as a powerful tool to improve perovskite crystallization, facet orientation, and overall device performance, offering a promising route to enhance both efficiency and stability in PSCs.
New Carbon Materials (新型炭材料)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(NCM2024-39-06-13)
The effect of functionalized graphene on the growth and development of Vicia faba L. was investigated by analyzing its impact on the composition and diversity of the microbial community in rhizosphere peat soil. Seedlings of V. faba planted in this peat soil were treated with either distilled water (CK) or 25 mg·L−1 (G25) of functionalized graphene solution. Results showed that the height and root length of V. faba seedlings in the G25 group were significantly larger than those in CK group. The microbial community was analyzed by amplifying and sequencing the 16S rRNA gene V3–V4 region of bacteria and internal transcribed spacer region of fungi in rhizosphere soil using Illumina MiSeq technology. Alpha and beta diversity analysis indicated that functionalized graphene increased the richness and diversity of bacteria and fungi in the V. faba rhizosphere peat soil. The abundances of three nitrogen cycling-related bacteria, Hydrogenophaga, Sphingomonas and Nitrosomonadaceae, were also altered after treatment with the functionalized graphene. The relative abundance of Basilicum, related to soil phosphorus solubilization, decreased in the fungal community, while the relative abundance of Clonostachys and Dimorphospora, which exhibited strong biological control over numerous fungal plant pathogens, nematodes and insects, increased in the soil after functionalized graphene treatment. Redundancy analysis revealed that the potential of hydrogen (pH), organic matter, and total phosphorus contributed the most to the changes in bacterial and fungal community composition in the rhizosphere soil. Overall, our findings suggested that the addition of functionalized graphene altered the relative abundances of nitrogen and phosphorus cycling-related microorganisms in peat soil, promoting changes in the physicochemical properties of the soil and ultimately leading to the improved growth of V. faba plants.
Int. Journal of Mining Science and Technology (采矿与安全工程)•2025•DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.08.008
Due to complex geological structures and a narrow safe mud density window, offshore fractured formations frequently encounter severe lost circulation (LC) during drilling, significantly hindering oil and gas exploration and development. Predicting LC risks enables the targeted implementation of mitigation strategies, thereby reducing the frequency of such incidents. To address the limitations of existing 3D geomechanical modeling in predicting LC, such as arbitrary factor selection, subjective weight assignment, and the inability to achieve pre-drilling prediction along the entire well section, an improved prediction method is proposed. This method integrates multi-source data and incorporates three LC-related sensitivity factors: fracture characteristics, rock brittleness, and in-situ stress conditions. A quantitative risk assessment model for LC is developed by combining the subjective analytic hierarchy process with the objective entropy weight method (EWM) to assign weights. Subsequently, 3D geomechanical modeling is applied to identify regional risk zones, enabling digital visualization for pre-drilling risk prediction. The developed 3D LC risk prediction model was validated using actual LC incidents from drilled wells. Results were generally consistent with field-identified LC zones, with an average relative error of 19.08%, confirming its reliability. This method provides practical guidance for mitigating potential LC risks and optimizing drilling program designs in fractured formations.
Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering•2025•DOI: 10.1186/s10033-025-01259-x
The study of capture mechanisms with high capture adaptability is the key to improving the efficiency of autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) retrieval and release. This study aims to develop a capture mechanism for the launch and recovery of AUV and elucidate its kinematic characteristics. Initially, based on the principles of deployment and retraction for AUV capture movements, a design scheme for a novel foldable and deployable capture mechanism is proposed. Subsequently, a detailed analysis of the Degrees of Freedom (DoFs) for enveloping and grasping movements is conducted according to screw theory. Additionally, the structural design of the actuation units for the capture mechanism is thoroughly discussed. Motion screw topology diagram is utilized to construct the kinematic model. On this basis, kinematic simulation verification of the capture mechanism is performed. The theoretical analysis revealed that the DoF for enveloping and grasping movements are 6 and 2, respectively. By appropriately configuring the actuation mechanism, enveloping and grasping movements can be achieved with a single actuation. The displacement and velocity curves of the capture mechanism were smooth, with no interference occurring. Vibration test results validate the reliability of the capture mechanism. The research work provides a valuable reference for the development of novel capture equipment for AUVs.