Key Takeaways & Executive Findings
- •• An automatic wear-compensating high-pressure rotary sealing device was designed, ensuring tight sealing even after guide sleeve wear. • Leakage rate decreases with increasing water pressure, becoming nearly zero above 30 MPa. • Temperature rise is more sensitive to rotational speed than pressure, while frictional torque depends on pressure but not speed. • Material ranking for wear resistance and reliability: PVDF > PEEK > PE > PA, with PVDF optimal for sealing guide sleeves.
Abstract
A rotary sealing device that automatically compensates for wear is designed to address the issues of easy wear and the short service life of the rotary sealing device with automatic wear compensation in mining machinery. After the end face of the guide sleeve wears out, it still tightly adheres to the sealing valve seat under the pressure difference, achieving automatic wear compensation. Based on fluid-solid coupling technology, the structural strength of the rotary sealing device was checked. The influence of factors on the sealing performance of rotary sealing devices was studied using the control variable method. The results show that as the pressure of water increases, the leakage rate of the sealing device decreases, and after 30 MPa, the leakage rate is almost 0 mL/h. The temperature of the rotating sealing device increases with the increase of rotation speed or pressure, and the temperature is more affected by the rotation speed factor. The frictional torque increases with increasing pressure and is independent of rotational speed. Comprehensive analysis shows that the wear resistance and reliability level of the sealing guide sleeve material is PVDF>PEEK>PE>PA. This study designs a high-pressure automatic compensation wear rotary sealing device and selects the optimal sealing material, providing technical support for the application of high-pressure water jet in mining machinery.
1. Introduction
In the process of energy extraction such as coal, oil, and natural gas, efficient rock fragmentation is a key issue in improving the efficiency of fossil energy extraction [1–3]. Among numerous new rock-breaking methods, high-pressure water jet technology-assisted mechanical equipment to improve the efficiency of hard rock breaking is an important research direction for the future development of fossil energy mining and drilling machinery [4–7]. The high-pressure rotary sealing device is a key equipment for achieving the coupling of high-pressure water jet technology with mining and drilling machinery [8, 9]. However, most existing high-pressure rotary sealing devices have problems such as low sealing pressure, short service life, and severe wear. Moreover, the phenomenon not only exists in the field of fossil energy extraction, but also in the fields of medical treatment, aviation, navigation, and underwater operation machinery.
In order to solve the problems existing in existing rotary sealing devices, some scholars have carried out structural optimization design and performance research on rotary sealing devices. Liu et al. [10] studied the performance of a single-stage rotary seal device for high-pressure water jet rotary seals used in tunneling machines using the control variable method and tested the failure life of a multi-stage series high-pressure rotary seal device. Liu et al. [11] conducted mechanical performance research on the materials of sealing devices to address the frequent failure of rotary control heads in drilling machinery and selected rotary sealing materials with high sealing performance and reliability. Zeng et al. [12] designed four levels of tandem rotary sealing devices to solve the problem of rotary shaft sealing in the cutting system of coal mining machines, and conducted dynamic and static rotary sealing tests on different sealing materials. Tomioka and Miyanara [13] studied micromechanical sealing devices and analyzed the effect of surface roughness of sealing components on the friction moment loss and leakage of rotating sealing devices. Liu et al. [14] proposed a multi-scale wear simulation method to study the effect of axial sharpness density on the wear of rotating lip sealing devices. Huang et al. [15] studied the effects of microstructure, roughness, and temperature of the sealing surface on the deformation of the sealing element and the viscosity of the lubricating oil during the use of a rotating lip sealing device. Jiang et al. [16] used numerical simulation to study the effect of micro dents on the sealing performance of rotating lip sealing devices.
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Hongxiang Jiang, Huihe Zhao, Xiaodi Zhang, Hongsheng Li, Chao Xia (2025). Design and Performance Study of an Automatic Compensation Wear High-Pressure Rotary Sealing Device. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10033-025-01249-z
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is the main innovation of the proposed rotary sealing device?
The device automatically compensates for wear by ensuring the guide sleeve remains tightly adhered to the sealing valve seat under pressure difference, even after wear, thus extending service life.
How does water pressure affect the leakage rate of the sealing device?
As water pressure increases, the leakage rate decreases, becoming almost zero (0 mL/h) after 30 MPa.
Which factor has a greater influence on temperature rise: rotational speed or pressure?
Rotational speed has a greater influence on temperature rise compared to pressure.
What is the optimal sealing material according to the study?
PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) shows the best wear resistance and reliability, followed by PEEK, PE, and PA.
What is the significance of this research for mining machinery?
It provides a high-pressure automatic wear-compensating rotary sealing device and optimal material selection, supporting the application of high-pressure water jet technology in mining machinery for improved efficiency and durability.
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