Opto-Electronic Advances (光电进展)•2026•DOI: 10.29026/oea.2026.250270
Indium phosphide-based quantum dots (InP QDs) are positioned as the leading cadmium-free alternative for next-generation display and optoelectronic technologies, offering high photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY), narrow emission spectra, and size-tunable wavelengths. Commercial deployment, however, remains constrained by synthetic and processing bottlenecks. State-of-the-art InP QD systems typically deliver PL QY below 90% and emission linewidths exceeding 35 nm, while device external quantum efficiency (EQE) and operational lifetime improve only incrementally. This review systematically examines the nucleation mechanisms governing InP core formation and evaluates optimization strategies for core/shell heterostructures, ligand engineering, and device architecture. A comprehensive analysis of recent breakthroughs in red, green, and blue InP-based quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) is presented, with emphasis on charge transport modulation and suppression of charge leakage. Despite progress, a significant performance gap persists for practical display applications. Critical unresolved challenges include achieving high-performance electroluminescence from small QDs, mitigating imbalanced carrier injection that drives Auger recombination, Joule heating, and low recombination efficiency, elucidating luminescence and aging mechanisms, and improving blue-emitting device performance. The review concludes by outlining pathways to overcome these limitations, including fabrication of large-sized InP QDs with near-unity PL QY, enhancement of radiative recombination and light extraction efficiency, advanced characterization of degradation mechanisms, and performance enhancement of blue InP-based QLEDs.
Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering•2025•DOI: 10.1186/s10033-025-01280-0
Microgrinding is widely used in clinical bone surgery, but saline spray cooling faces technical challenges such as low wettability at the microgrinding tool–bone interface, easy clogging of the microgrinding tools, and high grinding temperatures. These issues can lead to bone necrosis, irreversible thermal damage to nerves, or even surgical failure. Inspired by the water-trapping and directional transportation abilities of desert beetles, this study proposes a biomimetic desert beetle microgrinding tool. The flow-field distribution directly influences the convective heat transfer of the cooling medium in the grinding zone, which in turn affects the grinding temperature. To address this, a mathematical model of the two-phase flow field at the biomimetic microgrinding tool–bone interface is developed. The results indicate an average error of 14.74% between the calculated and experimentally obtained airflow field velocities. Next, a biomimetic desert beetle microgrinding tool is prepared. Experiments with physiological saline spray cooling were conducted on fresh bovine femur bone, which has mechanical properties similar to human bone. Results show that, compared with conventional microgrinding tools, the biomimetic tools reduced bone surface temperature by 21.7%, 13.2%, 5.8%, 20.3%, and 25.8% at particle sizes of 150#, 200#, 240#, 270#, and 300#, respectively. The surface morphology of the biomimetic microgrinding tools after grinding is observed and analyzed, revealing a maximum clogging area reduction of 23.0%, which is 6.1%, 6.0%, 10.0%, 15.6%, and 9.5% less than that observed with conventional tools. Finally, this study unveils the dynamic mechanism of cooling medium transfer in the flow field at the biomimetic microgrinding tool–bone interface. This research provides theoretical guidance and technical support for clinical bone resection surgery.
Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering•2025•DOI: 10.1186/s10033-025-01253-3
In engineering practice, there are many factors causing the vibration to which rods are usually subjected. Generally, the vibration of elastic rods motivated by determined vibration excitations can be controlled effectively. However, the working frequency of vibration excitation may vary due to environmental changes, the working conditions of equipment, and other factors. Consequently, it remains a challenge to restrict the longitudinal vibration of elastic rods within a wide frequency band. In order to meet the relevant engineering requirements and address the existing limitations, the longitudinal vibration control of an elastic rod within a wide frequency band is explored in this study through an adjustable stiffness internal support. To achieve this purpose, the variable stiffness longitudinal vibration control theory of the elastic rod is validated. The model of an adjustable stiffness internal support is designed, constructed, and tested, demonstrating that the stiffness coefficients of the adjustable stiffness internal support can be effectively controlled. Through the adjustable stiffness internal support, the experiment on longitudinal vibration control of the elastic rod is designed and performed. It leads to the conclusion that the adjustable stiffness internal support within the adjustable working region is effective in restricting the longitudinal vibration within a wide frequency band of the elastic rod. Furthermore, the existence of the adjustable working region in the experiment demonstrates the effectiveness of the adjustable stiffness internal support intended for the variable stiffness longitudinal vibration control of an elastic rod. To sum up, this study provides insights into an adjustable stiffness mechanism for applying the theory of variable stiffness longitudinal vibration control on an elastic rod in engineering practice.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-025-3226-3
The development of highly active, durable, and low-cost electrocatalysts is crucial for electrocatalytic hydrogen production. Ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have extremely large specific surface areas, making them highly desirable electrocatalyst morphologies. Medium-entropy alloys (MEAs) exhibit compositional tunability and entropy-driven structural stability, making them ideal electrocatalyst candidates. In this study, MoCoNi MEA with ultrathin 2D morphology was successfully developed using a facile ionic layer epitaxial method. The ultrathin 2D MoCoNi MEA showed an excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalytic performance, with a low overpotential of 167 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 and small Tafel slope of 33.2 mV/dec. At the overpotential of 167 mV, the ultrathin 2D MoCoNi MEA exhibited ultrahigh mass activity of 3359.6 A/g, which is three orders of magnitude higher than that of the commercial noble metal oxide RuO2 (1.15 A/g). This excellent electrocatalytic performance was attributed to the synergy of multiple active metal-induced medium entropies, as well as the ultrathin thickness, which considerably shortened the charge-transfer distance and thus significantly promoted charge transfer. Owing to the natural entropy-stabilizing effect, the ultrathin 2D MoCoNi MEA maintained 90% of the initial current after a continuous OER electrocatalytic test for 134 h, showing impressive electrocatalytic stability. This study opens new avenues for the development of high-performance and low-cost electrocatalyst materials by creating MEAs with ultrathin 2D morphology.
Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报)•2025•DOI: 10.1007/s12613-024-2963-z
The microstructural evolution of a cold-rolled and intercritical annealed medium-Mn steel (Fe–0.10C–5Mn) was investigated during uniaxial tensile testing. In-situ observations under scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis were conducted to characterize the progressive transformation-induced plasticity process and associated fracture initiation mechanisms. These findings were discussed with the local strain measurements via digital image correlation. The results indicated that Lüders band formation in the steel was limited to 1.5% strain, which was mainly due to the early-stage martensitic phase transformation of a very small amount of the less stable large-sized retained austenite (RA), which led to localized stress concentrations and strain hardening and further retardation of yielding. The small-sized RA exhibited high stability and progressively transformed into martensite and contributed to a stably extended Portevin–Le Chatelier effect. The volume fraction of RA gradually decreased from 26.8% to 8.2% prior to fracture. In the late deformation stage, fracture initiation primarily occurred at the austenite/martensite and ferrite/martensite interfaces and the ferrite phase.