• A biomimetic desert beetle microgrinding tool significantly improves cooling efficiency and reduces bone surface temperature by up to 25.8% compared to conventional tools.
• The proposed two-phase flow-field model accurately predicts airflow velocities with an average error of 14.74%, enabling optimized cooling design.
• The biomimetic tool reduces clogging area by up to 23.0%, enhancing cutting efficiency and prolonging tool life.
• This research provides theoretical and technical support for safer clinical bone resection surgery, potentially reducing thermal damage to bone and nerves.