• • InP-based QDs remain capped at PL QY <90% and emission linewidth >35 nm for most systems, with EQE and operational stability improving only incrementally; this performance ceiling directly limits their competitiveness against cadmium-based and perovskite emitters in commercial display color gamut and power efficiency metrics.
• • Imbalanced carrier injection in InP-based QLEDs triggers Auger recombination, Joule heating, and low carrier recombination efficiency, which collectively degrade device lifetime and roll-off behavior; resolving these loss channels is prerequisite for meeting display-grade operational stability thresholds.
• • Blue-emitting InP-based QLEDs exhibit the poorest performance among red, green, and blue devices, representing the single largest barrier to full-color display commercialization; the difficulty in achieving high-performance electroluminescence from small QDs compounds this limitation.
• • The review identifies five priority research directives: fabricating large-sized InP QDs with near-unity PL QY, enhancing radiative recombination rate in the emitting layer, improving light extraction efficiency, elucidating luminescence and aging mechanisms via advanced characterization, and enhancing blue InP-based QLED performance; these define the critical path to practical deployment.