Key Takeaways & Executive Findings
- •• A highly aligned and compact MXene film fabricated by continuous centrifugal spraying achieves ultra-broadband EMI shielding from GHz to THz bands. • The film exhibits record-high specific shielding effectiveness of 1.545 × 10^6 dB cm2 g−1, surpassing previously reported shielding films. • Ultra-low infrared emissivity (0.1) in the 2.5–16.0 μm range enables effective infrared stealth for day/night applications. • Efficient electrothermal performance (saturated temperature >120 °C at 1.0 V, heating rate 4.4 °C s−1) offers multifunctional protection.
Abstract
With the rapid development of electronic detective techniques, there is an urgent need for broadband (from microwave to infrared) stealth of aerospace equipment. However, achieving effective broadband stealth primarily relies on the composite of multi-layer coatings of different materials, while realizing broadband stealth with a single material remains a significant challenge. Herein, we reported a highly compact MXene film with aligned nanosheets through a continuous centrifugal spraying strategy. The film exhibits an exceptional electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of 45 dB in gigahertz band (8.2–40 GHz) and 59 dB in terahertz band (0.2–1.6 THz) at a thickness of 2.25 μm, owing to the high conductivity (1.03 × 10^6 S m−1). Moreover, exceptionally high specific shielding effectiveness of 1.545 × 10^6 dB cm2 g−1 has been demonstrated by the film, which is the highest value reported for shielding films. Additionally, the film exhibits an ultra-low infrared emissivity of 0.1 in the wide-range infrared band (2.5–16.0 μm), indicating its excellent infrared stealth performance for day-/nighttime outdoor environments. Moreover, the film demonstrates efficient electrothermal performance, including a high saturated temperature (over 120 °C at 1.0 V), a high heating rate (4.4 °C s−1 at 1.0 V), and a stable and uniform heating distribution. Therefore, this work provides a promising strategy for protecting equipment from multispectral electromagnetic interference and inhibiting infrared detection.
1. Introduction
The development of security inspections and aerospace equipment has created an urgent demand for broadband stealth technologies, including those in the gigahertz (GHz), terahertz (THz), infrared (IR), and ultraviolet (UV) bands [1–11]. Recently, numerous stealth materials have been reported. For instance, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/silver nanowires (Ag NWs) composite exhibits an electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) exceeding 45 dB in the range of 4–40 GHz [12]. Hollow metal-organic frameworks composite films exhibit EMI SE of 66.8 dB in the Ka-band (26.5–40 GHz) and 114.6 dB in the range of 0.1–4.0 THz [13]. CNT films present an EMI SE with an absorption effectiveness ratio of 86.9% and an infrared emissivity value of 0.331 [14]. Ti3C2Tx/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films can shield nearly 90% UV light [15]. However, different electromagnetic wavebands exhibit distinct shielding mechanisms [16–22]; therefore, necessarily complex structures and materials are generally required to achieve effective shielding and stealth across a wide frequency range. Currently, realizing ultra-broadband electromagnetic shielding performance using a single-material structure remains a significant challenge.
Titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene, an emerging two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbide, exhibits low infrared emissivity [23–27], superior electromagnetic wave absorption capacity, and shielding efficiency, primarily attributed to its abundant surface groups and high conductivity [28–30]. Recently, there has been growing interest in assembling MXene flakes into high-performance macroscopic films, driven by their promising applications in EMI shielding [31–36]. To fully leverage the advantages of MXene for electromagnetic shielding, it is crucial to achieve the alignment and compactness of nanosheets, which can enhance conductivity and mechanical properties. In this work, we report a continuous centrifugal spraying strategy to fabricate highly aligned and compact MXene films, demonstrating exceptional EMI shielding performance across GHz, THz, and IR bands, along with efficient electrothermal heating capability.
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Weiqiang Huang, Xuebin Liu, Yunfan Wang, Jiyong Feng, Junhua Huang, Zhenxi Dai, Shaodian Yang, Songfeng Pei, Jing Zhong, Xuchun Gui (2025). Ultra-Broadband and Ultra-High Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Performance of Aligned and Compact MXene Films. Nano-Micro Letters. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01750-z
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is the maximum EMI shielding effectiveness achieved by the MXene film?
The MXene film exhibits an EMI SE of 45 dB in the gigahertz band (8.2–40 GHz) and 59 dB in the terahertz band (0.2–1.6 THz) at a thickness of 2.25 μm.
How does the MXene film achieve ultra-broadband shielding?
The film's high electrical conductivity (1.03 × 10^6 S m−1) and aligned, compact nanosheet structure enable efficient reflection and absorption of electromagnetic waves across a wide frequency range, from GHz to THz.
What is the specific shielding effectiveness of the film?
The film demonstrates an exceptionally high specific shielding effectiveness of 1.545 × 10^6 dB cm2 g−1, which is the highest value reported for shielding films to date.
Does the film provide infrared stealth capability?
Yes, the film exhibits an ultra-low infrared emissivity of 0.1 in the 2.5–16.0 μm range, making it effective for infrared stealth in both day and night outdoor environments.
What are the electrothermal performance characteristics of the film?
The film shows efficient electrothermal performance with a high saturated temperature (over 120 °C at 1.0 V), a high heating rate (4.4 °C s−1 at 1.0 V), and stable, uniform heating distribution.
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