Surface activity and cleaning performance of rosin-based quaternary ammonium salt type asymmetric Gemini surfactants

• Four novel rosin-based asymmetric gemini surfactants (RGS-2-n) were synthesized via a simple two-step method, exhibiting high surface activity and excellent cleaning performance for electronic components. • The introduction of dehydroabietylamine into the hydrophilic headgroup mitigates environmental and water pollution concerns, aligning with green chemistry principles. • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that the asymmetric structure enhances cleaning efficiency, providing a molecular-level understanding of the surfactants' superior performance. • RGS-2-n surfactants represent sustainable and promising candidates for water-based cleaning agents in the electronics industry, expanding the application of renewable rosin resources.