Reversible data hiding in encrypted domain based on NTRU and Chinese remainder theorem

• Proposes a novel RDH-ED scheme integrating the Chinese remainder theorem (CRT) with the NTRU cryptosystem, eliminating the need for plaintext preprocessing. • Achieves a high embedding capacity of 503 bits per polynomial using CRT-based encoding, substantially outperforming existing NTRU, Paillier, and ElGamal-based methods. • Enables data extraction before decryption via pre-negotiated coprime parameters, offering enhanced operational flexibility. • Guarantees lossless recovery of original content through rigorous mathematical constraints, without compromising security or efficiency.