Research progress on graphene-based electrocatalytic materials for carbon dioxide reduction

• Graphene-based materials are promising electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction due to their high surface area, tunable surface chemistry, and excellent electrical conductivity. • The review systematically covers the fundamental thermodynamics and kinetics of CO2 electroreduction, including key performance metrics like overpotential, Faradaic efficiency, and Tafel slope. • Various modification strategies (doping, defect engineering, composite formation) enhance the catalytic activity and selectivity of graphene-based catalysts for CO2 reduction. • The article highlights the potential of graphene-based catalysts to convert CO2 into valuable C1, C2, and C3 products, contributing to sustainable energy and carbon neutrality.