• PVDF membranes' inherent hydrophobicity is a major challenge in oily wastewater treatment, driving the need for effective hydrophilization strategies.
• Various fabrication techniques and modifier materials, including surface grafting and blending with hydrophilic polymers, enhance water affinity and antifouling properties.
• Hydrophilized PVDF membranes demonstrate high efficiency in separating surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions, with long-term stability being critical for practical applications.
• The review emphasizes the importance of green materials and sustainable processes in advancing membrane technology for wastewater treatment.