• • Deposition rate reaches 1.32 × 10^4 nm/s, a 2,600-fold increase over non-continuous vacuum evaporation (5 nm/s), enabling industrial-scale throughput without sacrificing coating quality.
• • Coating density improves from 86.3% to 97.4% and adhesion critical load rises from 24,316 mN to 34,618 mN (+42%), directly reducing delamination risk in forming and stamping operations.
• • Corrosion current density drops from 66.4 µA/cm² to 27.8 µA/cm² (−58%) and neutral salt spray red-rust time extends from 48 h to 72 h, meeting automotive and construction durability requirements.
• • The (102) preferred orientation and microcrystalline structure act as a chloride diffusion barrier and promote a protective corrosion product layer, extending service life in aggressive environments.