Porphyrin-based metal–organic framework/graphene composites for selective yttrium capture: Adsorption properties and mechanistic study

• The (Fe–P)n–MOF/graphene composite achieves a maximum Y3+ adsorption capacity of 102.1 mg/g • Adsorption follows quasi-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm, indicating monolayer chemical adsorption • DFT calculations reveal electrostatic potential distribution and binding energy contributions to selective yttrium capture • The composite retains >90% recovery after five regeneration cycles, highlighting excellent reusability for rare-earth recovery