Physiological Damage Effects of Underwater Explosion Shock Waves on Cyphastrea japonica

• • Cyphastrea japonica exhibits a shock wave tolerance threshold of 6.74 MPa; beyond 8.82 MPa, protein content drops by up to 59.6%, indicating severe host tissue damage. • • At 11.01 MPa, zooxanthellae density decreases by 87% and photosynthetic rate by 49%, directly linking shock wave intensity to coral bleaching. • • Antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase and catalase) significantly decline with increasing shock wave pressure, compromising the coral's defense against oxidative stress. • • Shock wave exposure increases microbial community diversity at the phylum level and complexity at the genus level, potentially destabilizing the holobiont's symbiotic balance.