• This study provides a comprehensive numerical analysis of factors affecting localization precision and resolution in single emitter localization-based imaging systems, incorporating more parameters than previous studies.
• It distinguishes the effects of additive and multiplicative noise on localization precision, and quantifies the influence of sampling frequency, offering optimal sampling frequency values for different resolution needs.
• The paper establishes guidelines for selecting signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and pixel size based on point spread function (PSF) width, enabling better system design for super-resolution imaging.
• The findings offer critical theoretical and practical insights for optimizing more complex imaging systems beyond single emitter localization.