Numerical and experimental investigation on the formability of stainless steel-copper composites during micro deep drawing

• Annealing at 900 °C yields the best plasticity for 50-µm-thick stainless steel-copper composites, producing micro cups with uniform wall thickness and minimal wrinkling. • The surface morphological finite element model, which incorporates material inhomogeneity and surface morphology, shows the closest agreement with experimental results compared to basic and Voronoi models. • Increasing annealing temperature reduces the drawing force during micro deep drawing due to the decrease in material strength. • The findings provide critical guidance for optimizing annealing and process parameters to enhance the quality of micro metallic components for miniaturized industrial applications.