Modelling-Guided Inverse Design Strategy for Semitransparent Perovskite Photovoltaics with Customized Colors

• • A 110 nm-thick perovskite absorber on glass, initially reddish-brown, was transformed to vivid cyan using a 600 nm-thick ZnS/MgF2 multilayer, achieving an AVT of 6.5% while boosting power conversion efficiency by 20.9%—demonstrating that all-dielectric interference coatings can deliver aesthetic customization without sacrificing transmittance. • • On PET substrates, the same color transformation retained an AVT of 5.3% and enhanced efficiency by 10.4%, confirming the transferability of the inverse-design framework to flexible, lightweight substrates essential for building-integrated and wearable photovoltaics. • • The active learning algorithm mapped the attainable color gamut for distinct perovskite absorber thicknesses and AVT values, enabling user-defined colors with minimal spectral loss—a critical advance over absorptive metal layers that inherently reduce transmittance and efficiency. • • Future computational refinement from 20-bit to 50–100 bits via simulated annealing or several hundred bits via quantum annealing could enable sharper spectral control, higher color purity, and access to a broader chromaticity space, directly impacting the commercial viability of colored solar windows.