• Basalt fibers oriented and uniformly distributed in the 7075 aluminum matrix induce local grain refinement, improving hardness and elongation.
• With increasing basalt fiber addition, the friction coefficient first increased then decreased, while maximum wear depth and wear volume exhibited a non-monotonic trend.
• Composites with 0.2 wt.% and 2.0 wt.% basalt fibers (7075-0.2BF and 7075-2.0BF) showed the smallest maximum wear depth and wear volume, along with reduced uneven wear.
• The enhanced wear resistance of extruded 7075 aluminum alloy via basalt fiber reinforcement provides a promising reference for improving aluminum alloy drill pipe performance.