• • BSPTGW10 (x=0.010) achieved d33=525 pC/N and TC=423 °C, simultaneously meeting high-performance requirements for >350 °C applications, a combination rarely attained in prior BSPT modifications.
• • Thermal stability: piezoelectric coefficient variation within ±15% up to 365 °C, ensuring reliable operation in aerospace and automotive sensors where temperature fluctuations are critical.
• • Machine learning model trained on a small dataset (200 samples) successfully predicted optimal compositions, reducing experimental iterations by at least 50% compared to conventional trial-and-error, accelerating materials development.
• • Ga-W ion-pair co-doping at B-site effectively modified lattice distortion and domain structures, providing a new chemical strategy for tuning piezoelectric properties without sacrificing TC.