Key Takeaways & Executive Findings
- •• [email protected] composites with varying MXene content (15, 45, 90 mg) were successfully synthesized via in-situ liquid-phase deposition, achieving uniform dispersion of ~100 nm alloy particles on MXene layers. • Increasing MXene content enhances dielectric loss but reduces magnetic permeability, leading to improved attenuation constant yet degraded impedance matching. • Optimal performance achieved with 90 mg MXene: minimum reflection loss of −46.9 dB at 1.1 mm thickness and maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 3.60 GHz at 1.0 mm thickness. • The effective absorption bandwidth decreases by 50% (from 1.5 mm to 1 mm thickness) with increasing MXene addition, highlighting a trade-off between absorption intensity and bandwidth.
Abstract
Three sets of MXene (Ti3C2Tx)@nano-Fe1Co0.8Ni1 composites with 15, 45, and 90 mg MXene were prepared by in-situ liquid-phase deposition to effectively investigate the impact of the relationship between MXene (Ti3C2Tx) and nano-Fe1Co0.8Ni1 magnetic particles on the electromagnetic absorption properties of the composites. The microstructure, static magnetic properties, and electromagnetic absorption performance of these composites were studied. Results indicate that the [email protected] composites were primarily composed of face-centered cubic crystal structure particles and MXene, with spherical Fe1Co0.8Ni1 particles uniformly distributed on the surface of the multilayered MXene. The alloy particles had an average particle size of approximately 100 nm and exhibited good dispersion without noticeable particle aggregation. With the increase in MXene content, the specific saturation magnetic and coercivity of the composite initially decreased and then increased, displaying typical soft magnetic properties. Compared with those of the Fe1Co0.8Ni1 magnetic alloy particles alone, MXene addition caused an increasing trend in the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant of the composite. Meanwhile, the real and imaginary parts of the magnetic permeability exhibit decreasing trend. With the increase in MXene addition, the material attenuation constant increased and the impedance matching decreased. The minimum reflection loss increased, and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth decreased. When the MXene addition was 90 mg, the composite exhibited a minimum reflection loss of −46.9 dB with a sample thickness of 1.1 mm and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 3.60 GHz with a sample thickness of 1.0 mm. The effective absorption bandwidth of the composites and their corresponding thicknesses showed a decreasing trend with the increase in MXene addition, reducing by 50% from 1.5 mm without MXene addition to 1 mm with 90 mg of MXene addition.
1. Introduction
With the rapid development of modern technology, electronic devices have brought increasing convenience to people's lives and become an indispensable part of modern life. However, electromagnetic radiation pollution has also become increasingly severe, causing electromagnetic interference between electronic devices and posing a significant threat to human health [1–3]. Therefore, high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption materials have garnered widespread attention to effectively mitigate the impact of electromagnetic radiation and interference on human life.
According to microwave absorption theory, electromagnetic waves generally undergo reflection, absorption, and transmission processes on an object's surface [4]. The key to design of absorption materials is to enhance the absorption of electromagnetic waves and lessen the reflection on the material's surface [5–6]. Absorbing materials can be classified into two major categories according to different electromagnetic loss mechanisms: electric loss type and magnetic loss type [7]. Electric loss absorbing materials have a highly complex dielectric constant, mainly relying on the mechanisms of ohmic loss and dielectric polarization relaxation loss to attenuate electromagnetic wave energy. Magnetic loss absorbing materials have a high complex magnetic permeability, mainly relying on mechanisms such as magnetic hysteresis loss, ferromagnetic resonance, and eddy current loss to absorb electromagnetic waves [8–12]. However, a single electromagnetic wave absorption material has difficulty in simultaneously considering both loss mechanisms. Therefore, combining dielectric loss materials with magnetic loss materials has emerged as an important direction for the development of electromagnetic wave absorption composites.
MXene, 2D material, comprises transition metal carbides or nitrides, with a 2D layered structure represented by the structural formula Mn+1XnTx, where M is a transition metal such as Ti, V, and Mo; X represents C or N (n = 1, 2, 3); Tx represents surface terminal groups such as –OH, =O, or –F [13–14]. Owing to its unique layered physical and chemical structure, MXene has exhibited remarkable electromagnetic wave absorption performance. Qing et al. [15] synthesized Ti3C2 nanosheets with a typical MXene structure and achieved a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −17 dB at 14.6 GHz with a ...
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Hong Li, Hongyang Li, Zhenfeng Shen, Shentao Zeng, Feng Yang, Qing Cai, Wenqi Xu, Ran Wang, Cui Luo, Ying Liu (2025). In-situ deposition and comparative study of electromagnetic absorption performance of MXene (Ti3C2Tx)@nano-Fe1Co0.8Ni1 composites with different compositions. Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-024-2922-8
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Frequently Asked Questions
What are [email protected] composites?
These are composite materials formed by depositing nano-sized Fe1Co0.8Ni1 alloy particles onto MXene (Ti3C2Tx) sheets via in-situ liquid-phase deposition. The combination aims to synergize dielectric loss from MXene and magnetic loss from the alloy for enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption.
How does MXene content affect the electromagnetic absorption performance?
Increasing MXene content generally enhances dielectric loss and attenuation constant but reduces magnetic permeability and impedance matching. This leads to higher minimum reflection loss (better absorption) but narrower effective absorption bandwidth. The optimal MXene addition (90 mg) achieved a minimum reflection loss of −46.9 dB at 1.1 mm thickness and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 3.60 GHz at 1.0 mm thickness.
What is the significance of the effective absorption bandwidth?
Effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) indicates the frequency range over which the material absorbs more than 90% of incident electromagnetic waves (reflection loss ≤ −10 dB). A wider EAB is desirable for broadband absorption applications. This study found that increasing MXene content reduces EAB, highlighting a trade-off between absorption intensity and bandwidth.
What are the key mechanisms behind the absorption performance?
The absorption mechanisms include dielectric loss (from MXene's conductive network and polarization relaxation) and magnetic loss (from Fe1Co0.8Ni1 alloy's ferromagnetic resonance and eddy current effects). The combination of these mechanisms allows for tunable electromagnetic parameters and improved absorption performance.
What is the potential application of these composites?
These composites are promising for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and radar absorption applications, particularly in aerospace, defense, and electronic devices where lightweight and efficient electromagnetic wave absorbers are required.
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