• FTHOE is a virtual-channel-less fault-tolerant routing algorithm for wafer-scale interconnection networks, combining Hamiltonian routing with the odd-even turn model to achieve load balancing.
• The algorithm dynamically adjusts output port selection priority using local fault vector information, shortening detour paths and reducing the probability of packet trapping in faulty regions.
• FTHOE preserves minimal path diversity and adaptivity under fault conditions, enhancing network load-balancing and communication performance.
• Simulations show that FTHOE significantly reduces average network latency and improves throughput compared to existing fault-tolerant routing algorithms in complex fault scenarios.