• This review offers an overview of recent advancements in conjugated polymers (CPs), with a thorough discussion of their molecular engineering. Key electronic properties are put forth that complement traditional inorganic semiconductor devices.
• Key concepts and innovations in molecular engineering are discussed, highlighting advancements that improve device performance, with a particular focus on photovoltaics, organic field-effect transistors, and nonvolatile memory devices.
• The current challenges in fabricating CP-based devices are explored, along with anticipated future developments and growing market demand.
• CPs are poised to play an essential role in shaping next-generation technologies that prioritize performance, sustainability, and adaptability.