• • Optimal porous layer thickness of 260.8 μm (8 h dealloying) yields a photocurrent density of 4.54 μA/cm2 and charge transfer resistance of 47.28 Ω·cm2, outperforming all other thicknesses. This demonstrates that precise thickness control is essential for maximizing charge separation efficiency, directly impacting solar fuel production rates.
• • The npT-8h sample achieves a methyl orange degradation rate constant of 0.00529 min−1 and 61% degradation within 180 min, significantly surpassing other samples. This degradation rate is critical for industrial wastewater treatment, where faster kinetics reduce reactor volume and operational costs.
• • Double-layer capacitance peaks at 5.53 mF/cm2 for the 8 h sample, indicating maximum electrochemically active surface area. This correlates with abundant reactive sites, directly enhancing photocatalytic activity and suggesting a route to optimize catalyst loading in practical systems.
• • Dealloying time beyond 8 h reduces performance due to structural degradation, with thickness decreasing after 8 h. This identifies a narrow processing window (8 h) for optimal thickness, highlighting the need for precise time control in scalable manufacturing to avoid performance losses.