Key Takeaways & Executive Findings
- •• A two-stage rolling method successfully produced a 0.2 mm ultra-thin high-silicon steel sheet with a strong Goss texture, achieving superior magnetic properties. • Recrystallized Goss nuclei originate from Goss substructures within shear bands of deformed {111}<112> grains, driven by high stored energy. • Quasi-in situ EBSD revealed that stored energy and grain size critically influence texture evolution, with large deformed grains promoting Goss nucleation and growth. • The resulting annealed sheet exhibits a pronounced Goss texture, leading to enhanced magnetic induction and reduced core loss, beneficial for electric motor applications.
Abstract
The <001> orientation of the Goss texture aligned with the rolling direction is the most easily magnetized direction, effectively enhancing the magnetic properties of non-oriented silicon steel. In the present study, an ultra-thin high-silicon sheet of 0.2 mm with a strong Goss texture was successfully fabricated using a two-stage rolling method, achieving superior magnetic properties. The combination of suitable primary rolling reduction and intermediate annealing proved beneficial in promoting the formation of Goss texture. Electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) was used to characterize micro-shear bands within deformed grains of secondary rolled sheets. Observations revealed that the recrystallized Goss nucleus originated from the Goss substructure of shear bands within deformed {111}<112> grains during the initial stages of recrystallization. The influence of stored energy and grain size on texture evolution was thoroughly investigated using quasi-in situ EBSD during recrystallization. In the initial stages, large deformed {111}<112> and near {111}<112> grains with high stored energy facilitated nucleation and growth of Goss and near-Goss grains within shear bands and reduced grain boundary nucleation. In the later stages, large deformed grains with low stored energy underwent a strain-induced grain boundary migration mechanism to nucleate. During the recrystallization, many recrystallized Goss and near-Goss grains clustered together, with Goss grains rotating towards near-Goss orientation. The resulting annealed ultra-thin 0.2 mm sheet with a pronounced Goss texture exhibited superior magnetic properties.
1. Introduction
Non-oriented electrical steel (NOES) used in the driving motors of new energy vehicles (NEV) demands more stringent standards than conventional motors. It requires high magnetic induction to provide high torsional moments and low core loss at medium frequencies to support the higher rotation speed of motors. In general, the magnetic induction of NOES is related to the composition and texture, while iron loss is affected by factors such as texture, chemical composition, thickness, and microstructure [1–5]. Consequently, enhancing the magnetic properties of non-oriented silicon steel necessitated both texture optimization and composition modulation.
Fe–6.5wt% Si was renowned for its high strength and excellent soft magnetic properties. However, the ordered phases complicated the conventional preparation process of Fe–6.5wt% Si, limiting its application [6–8]. Shin et al. [9] studied the cooling speed on the ordered phases of high-silicon steel with 5wt%–6.5wt% Si and found that no B2-order structure under air cooling when the content of silicon was below 5.15wt%. Furthermore, the hot-rolled plate of Fe–4.5wt% Si can be obtained by warm rolling at 350°C and reduced to 0.35 mm [10]. Zhang et al. [11] reported that a 0.2 mm ultra-thin sheet (87% reduction) of Fe–4.5wt% Si with a strong γ-fiber (<111>//ND, normalized direction) showed poor magnetic properties. The above studies indicated that Fe–4.5wt% Si demonstrates relatively good processibility, but the texture of the ultra-thin sheet needs to be optimized to enhance its magnetic properties.
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Xu Ning, Yongfeng Liang, Chenyang Zhang, Zhen Wang, Yanli Wang, Feng Ye, Junpin Lin (2025). Development of strong Goss texture in ultra-thin high silicon steel with excellent magnetic properties fabricated by two-stage rolling. Int. Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials (矿物冶金与材料学报). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-024-2988-3
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is the significance of Goss texture in non-oriented silicon steel?
Goss texture, with <001> aligned along the rolling direction, is the most easily magnetized direction, significantly enhancing magnetic induction and reducing core loss, which is crucial for high-efficiency electric motors.
How was the strong Goss texture achieved in this study?
A two-stage rolling method with suitable primary rolling reduction and intermediate annealing was used to promote Goss texture formation in a 0.2 mm ultra-thin high-silicon steel sheet.
What role do shear bands play in Goss texture development?
Shear bands within deformed {111}<112> grains contain Goss substructures that act as nucleation sites for recrystallized Goss grains, especially in grains with high stored energy.
What are the magnetic properties of the fabricated sheet?
The annealed ultra-thin 0.2 mm sheet with pronounced Goss texture exhibited superior magnetic properties, including high magnetic induction and low core loss, making it suitable for high-speed motor applications.
How was the texture evolution characterized?
Quasi-in situ EBSD was used to track recrystallization, revealing that stored energy and grain size critically influence nucleation and growth of Goss grains, with large deformed grains promoting Goss formation.
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