Key Takeaways & Executive Findings
- •• A novel 'conversion-protection' strategy is introduced to mitigate interfacial degradation in all-solid-state lithium batteries. • The Mo3Ni3N nanosheets on N-doped porous carbon (Mo-Ni@NPCs) effectively suppress hydroxide-induced decomposition of sulfide electrolytes. • In situ formation of MoS2-Mo3Ni3N heterostructures enhances electron and Li+ ion transport at cathode interfaces. • The optimized Mo-Ni@NPCs enable high capacity retention (90.62% after 1000 cycles) and excellent Coulombic efficiency (94.01%).
Abstract
The electrochemical performance of all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) can be prominently enhanced by minimizing the detrimental degradation of solid electrolytes through their undesirable side reactions with the conductive carbon additives (CCAs) inside the composite cathodes. Herein, the well-defined Mo3Ni3N nanosheets embedded onto the N-doped porous carbons (NPCs) substrate are successfully synthesized (Mo-Ni@NPCs) as CCAs inside LiCoO2 for Li6PSC5Cl (LPSCl)-based ASSLBs. This nano-composite not only makes it difficult for hydroxide groups (–OH) to survive on the surface but also allows the in situ surface reconstruction to generate the ultra-stable MoS2-Mo3Ni3N heterostructures after the initial cycling stage. These can effectively prevent the occurrence of OH-induced LPSC decomposition reaction from producing harmful insulating sulfates, as well as simultaneously constructing the highly-efficient electrons/ions dual-migration pathways at the cathode interfaces to facilitate the improvement of both electrons and Li+ ions conductivities in ASSLBs. With this approach, fine-tuned Mo-Ni@NPCs can deliver extremely outstanding performance, including an ultra-high first discharge-specific capacity of 148.61 mAh g−1 (0.1C), a high Coulombic efficiency (94.01%), and a capacity retention rate after 1000 cycles still attain as high as 90.62%. This work provides a brand-new approach of “conversion-protection” strategy to overcome the drawbacks of composite cathodes interfaces instability and further promotes the commercialization of ASSLBs.
1. Introduction
All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) have been acknowledged as promising substitutes for conventional Li-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high energy density and guaranteed intrinsic safety [1–3]. This considerably associates with the fact that they perfectly inherit the comprehensive advantages of high theoretical specific capacity (3800 mAh g−1), low electrochemical reduction potential (−3.04 V vs. SHE) and low mass density (0.53 g cm−3) of Li anodes, as well as low-level feasibility of combustibility, leakage and vaporization of inorganic solid electrolytes (SEs) [4, 5]. As a key component of ASSLBs, the exploration of preferable SEs has become the prerequisite and foundation for acquiring high-performance ASSLBs [6].
Among the various SEs systems being extensively researched, sulfide-solid electrolytes (SSEs), including Li6PS5Cl (LPSC) [7], Li3PS4 [8], Li10GeP2S12 [9], Li2S-P2S5 [10] and Li9.54Si1.74(P0.9Sb0.1)1.44S11.7Cl0.3 [11] have been swimmingly implemented due to their superior Li+ ions conductivity (>1.0 mS cm−1 at ambient temperature) that can be comparable to or outperform liquid electrolytes (LEs), which give impetus for the large-scale application of ASSLBs.
Notwithstanding these benefits, there still exist some intrinsic issues that need to be addressed regarding the integration of SSEs into ASSLBs systems, especially the interface instability problems inside composite cathodes, which constitutes a key technological bottleneck for boosting battery performance [12]. More concretely, in practical assembly of ASSLBs, the composite cathodes are typically consisted of active materials (AMs), SSEs, and conductive carbon additives (CCAs), whose electrochemical properties are completely influenced by physicochemical properties of these constituents [13]. Therein, the CCAs are used to build up the sprawling electron migration pathw
Loading authentic research manuscript (Pages 1–5)...
Xin Gao, Ya Chen, Zheng Zhen, Lifeng Cui, Ling Huang, Xiao Chen, Jiayi Chen, Xiaodong Chen, Duu-Jong Lee, Guoxiu Wang (2025). Construction of Multifunctional Conductive Carbon-Based Cathode Additives for Boosting Li6PS5Cl-Based All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries. Nano-Micro Letters. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01667-7
Research & Educational Purpose Only:The translations, structured abstracts, analytical annotations, and data reports provided by SinoTechIntel are intended exclusively for academic research, internal corporate R&D, and educational benchmarking. They do not constitute formal engineering, chemical safety, legal, or professional advice.
Copyright & Intellectual Property Notice: Original copyright of the underlying source articles and experimental data remains with the respective authors, institutions, and original publishing journals. SinoTechIntel claims intellectual property only over its proprietary translations, analytical syntheses, and AEO structured enhancements in accordance with international fair use and academic citation principles.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the main challenge addressed in this paper?
The paper addresses the interfacial instability in composite cathodes of all-solid-state lithium batteries, specifically the detrimental side reactions between sulfide solid electrolytes and conductive carbon additives.
What is the 'conversion-protection' strategy?
The strategy involves using Mo3Ni3N nanosheets on N-doped porous carbon to suppress hydroxide-induced decomposition of the sulfide electrolyte and to form a stable MoS2-Mo3Ni3N heterostructure in situ, which enhances ion and electron transport.
What are the key performance metrics achieved?
The optimized Mo-Ni@NPCs cathode additive delivers an initial discharge capacity of 148.61 mAh g−1 at 0.1C, a Coulombic efficiency of 94.01%, and retains 90.62% capacity after 1000 cycles.
Why is the Mo-Ni@NPCs additive effective?
It prevents the formation of insulating sulfates from hydroxide-induced decomposition and constructs efficient dual-migration pathways for electrons and Li+ ions, improving overall conductivity and stability.
What is the significance of this work for commercial ASSLBs?
This work provides a new approach to overcome cathode interface instability, which is a key bottleneck, thereby promoting the commercialization of all-solid-state lithium batteries.
Related Technical Papers & Translations
Direct Repair of the Crystal Structure and Coating Surface of Spent LiFePO4 Materials Enables Superfast Li-Ion Migration
The rapid accumulation of spent LiFePO4 (LFP) cathodes from retired lithium-ion batteries necessitates the development of effective and environmental-friendly recycling strategies. In this context, direct regeneration has emerged as a promising approach for reclaiming LFP cathode materials, offering a streamlined pathway to restore their electrochemical functionality. We report an integrated regeneration protocol that simultaneously repairs the degraded crystal structure and reconstructs the damaged carbon coating in spent LFP. The regenerated cathode material had superfast lithium-ion diffusion kinetics and a stable cathode–electrolyte interface, giving a remarkable rate capability with specific capacities of 122 mAh g−1 at 5C and 106 mAh g−1 at 10C (1C = 170 mA g−1). It also maintained capacities of 110.7 mAh g−1 (5C) and 84.1 mAh g−1 (10C) after 400 cycles. It could be used in harsh environments and could be stably cycled at subzero temperatures (−10 and −20 °C) and in solid-state electrolyte batteries. Life cycle assessment combined with economic evaluation using the EverBatt model reveals that this direct regeneration approach has high economic and environmental benefits.
Oxide Semiconductor for Advanced Memory Architectures: Atomic Layer Deposition, Key Requirement and Challenges
Oxide semiconductors (OSs), introduced by the Hosono group in the early 2000s, have evolved from display backplane materials to promising candidates for advanced memory and logic devices. The exceptionally low leakage current of OSs and compatibility with three-dimensional (3D) architectures have recently sparked renewed interest in their use in semiconductor applications. This review begins by exploring the unique material properties of OSs, which fundamentally originate from their distinct electronic band structure. Subsequently, we focus on atomic layer deposition (ALD), a core technique for growing excellent OS films, covering both basic and advanced processes compatible with 3D scaling. The basic surface reaction mechanisms—adsorption and reaction—and their roles in film growth are introduced. Furthermore, material design strategies, such as cation selection, crystallinity control, anion doping, and heterostructure engineering, are discussed. We also highlight challenges in memory applications, including contact resistance, hydrogen instability, and lack of p-type materials, and discuss the feasibility of ALD-grown OSs as potential solutions. Lastly, we provide an outlook on the role of ALD-grown OSs in memory technologies. This review bridges material fundamentals and device-level requirements, offering a comprehensive perspective on the potential of ALD-driven OSs for next-generation semiconductor memory devices.
Laser powder bed fusion of biodegradable Zn-4Cu alloy: Processing, microstructure and properties
Zn's natural degradability and biocompatibility make it a promising candidate for implants, however, its mechanical properties remain insufficient for bone applications. In this study, the performance of Zn was enhanced by developing Zn-Cu alloys via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Optimal LPBF parameters for forming stable tracks were achieved by adjusting laser power and scanning speed. Under optimized conditions of 100 W and 100 mm/s, high-density (99.58%) Zn-Cu alloys with improved hardness (68.2HV) and yield strength (160 MPa) were achieved. These improvements are attributed to solid solution strengthening, segregation strengthening, and grain refinement. The Zn-Cu alloys also demonstrated favorable degradation behavior, with a rate of 0.16 mm/year. This degradation is primarily driven by micro-galvanic corrosion between the CuZn5 phase and Zn matrix, along with refined grains and increased grain boundary density. This work demonstrates a viable strategy for fabricating Zn-based implants with enhanced structural integrity and mechanical performance via LPBF.