Commercialization Roadmap of All-Solid-State Lithium and Sodium-Ion Batteries: Breakthroughs in Sulfide Electrolyte Mass Production from Chinese Laboratories

• Argyrodite Li6PS5Cl interfacial resistance with NMC811 drops from 150 Ω·cm² to 45 Ω·cm² after LiNbO3 coating and dry-coating processing, but requires stack pressure >5 MPa to maintain contact. • Dry-coating (PTFE fibrillization) achieves 99.2% electrode yield versus 96.5% for wet slurry casting, eliminating NMP solvent and reducing H2S emission risk by 80%, yet demands dry-room dew points below -60°C. • CATL's 20 Ah pouch cell prototype delivers 480 Wh/kg at 0.1C but retains only 78% capacity after 1,000 cycles at 0.5C (25°C, 5 MPa); BYD's sulfide-based cell shows 82% retention under similar conditions. • Sodium-ion layered oxide (NaNiMnCoO2) cells achieve $42/kWh at cell level, with 85% capacity retention at -30°C (0.2C discharge), outperforming LFP in cold climates. • Sulfide electrolyte production CAPEX in China is $1.2M–$1.8M per annual metric ton, with 6N purity (99.9999%) achieved via wet mechanochemical synthesis; Western pilot lines cost 1.6x more due to stricter safety protocols.