Chemical blowing strategy for three-dimensional graphene materials: Overcoming graphene restacking and integrating macro/microstructural construction

• Chemical blowing is a low-cost, facile, and highly controllable strategy to fabricate 3D graphene materials, effectively overcoming restacking. • The strategy enables the construction of both macroscopic graphene foams and microscopic graphene powders with integrated macro/microstructural design. • Synthesis chemistry determines the morphology and properties of the resulting graphene materials, allowing tailored functional applications. • Future research should focus on addressing scalability challenges and exploring new blowing agents to expand the application landscape.