Key Takeaways & Executive Findings
- •• This review comprehensively examines recent advancements in passive wireless systems applied to industrial environments and biomedical sensing, with a particular focus on the design strategies of passive wireless systems. • The design principles and operational mechanisms of passive wireless system components (sensing modules and readout modules) are systematically categorized. • Based on the latest research, the review highlights the innovative applications of passive wireless concepts in industrial environments, equipment safety, as well as in vivo and surface signal detection. • The paper outlines a research trajectory for passive wireless sensing, establishing a foundation for more advanced, user-friendly applications in harsh environments and healthcare.
Abstract
Recent advancements in passive wireless sensor technology have significantly extended the application scope of sensing, particularly in challenging environments for monitoring industry and healthcare applications. These systems are equipped with battery-free operation, wireless connectivity, and are designed to be both miniaturized and lightweight. Such features enable the safe, real-time monitoring of industrial environments and support high-precision physiological measurements in confined internal body spaces and on wearable epidermal devices. Despite the exploration into diverse application environments, the development of a systematic and comprehensive research framework for system architecture remains elusive, which hampers further optimization of these systems. This review, therefore, begins with an examination of application scenarios, progresses to evaluate current system architectures, and discusses the function of each component—specifically, the passive sensor module, the wireless communication model, and the readout module—within the context of key implementations in target sensing systems. Furthermore, we present case studies that demonstrate the feasibility of proposed classified components for sensing scenarios, derived from this systematic approach. By outlining a research trajectory for the application of passive wireless systems in sensing technologies, this paper aims to establish a foundation for more advanced, user-friendly applications.
1. Introduction
Advances in materials science, microelectronics, and data processing capabilities are continually propelling the evolution of smart sensing technology [1–4]. The trend involves a significant miniaturization of sensors, making them lighter and more portable while simultaneously enhancing their sensitivity and selectivity. These developments have expanded the potential applications of sensors into environments that were previously inaccessible or too hazardous for conventional wired or battery-powered systems.
Passive wireless sensing systems, which operate without internal batteries and communicate wirelessly, have emerged as a promising solution for monitoring in harsh industrial settings and for healthcare applications. Their battery-free operation eliminates the need for frequent maintenance and reduces the risk of failure in extreme conditions, while wireless connectivity enables real-time data transmission from remote or confined locations. This review aims to provide a systematic analysis of the current state of passive wireless sensing systems, focusing on their architecture, components, and applications, and to propose a framework for future development.
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Wei Yue, Yunjian Guo, Jong-Chul Lee, Enkhzaya Ganbold, Jia-Kang Wu, Yang Li, Cong Wang, Hyun Soo Kim, Young-Kee Shin, Jun-Ge Liang, Eun-Seong Kim, Nam-Young Kim (2025). Advancements in Passive Wireless Sensing Systems in Monitoring Harsh Environment and Healthcare Applications. Nano-Micro Letters. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-024-01599-8
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Frequently Asked Questions
What are passive wireless sensing systems?
Passive wireless sensing systems are sensor systems that operate without internal batteries and communicate wirelessly. They are designed to be miniaturized and lightweight, enabling safe, real-time monitoring in harsh environments and healthcare applications.
What are the key components of passive wireless sensing systems?
The key components include the passive sensor module, the wireless communication model, and the readout module. These work together to enable battery-free operation and wireless data transmission.
What are the applications of passive wireless sensing in healthcare?
In healthcare, passive wireless sensing is used for high-precision physiological measurements in confined internal body spaces and on wearable epidermal devices, such as monitoring intracranial pressure, intraocular pressure, and various biosignals.
How do passive wireless sensing systems benefit industrial monitoring?
They enable safe, real-time monitoring of industrial environments, including harsh conditions, without the need for batteries or wired connections, reducing maintenance and improving safety.
What is the significance of this review?
This review provides a systematic framework for understanding passive wireless sensing systems, categorizing their components, and highlighting innovative applications, which can guide future research and development in the field.
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